A heuristic design method for attitude stabilization of magnetic actuated satellites

In this paper a heuristic design strategy for stabilizing the satellite attitude has been proposed. It is assumed that the satellite is actuated by a set of mutually perpendicular magnetic coils. Using well-known Lyapunov direct stability method it is shown that the proposed controller causes to a global asymptotic stable system for all near polar orbits. The design procedure is based on analyzing of the conceptual effects of magnetic coils on the satellite attitude motion. Considering these effects lead to some intuitive results which determine the global stabilizing control law. The performance and robustness of the designed controller against actuators saturation and quantization error have been verified using a real-time-hardware–software in-loop (RTHSIL) simulation results. These results show that the global stability can be achieved although some disturbances and restrictions exist. This stabilizing controller can be simply combined with a linear explicit model predictive controller (EMPC) to achieve a full three-axis control law.     

具有SGCMG系统的挠性卫星姿态机动控制及验证

针对挠性卫星在轨姿态快速机动的需求，开展了星体姿态机动控制方法及控制实现研究。基于建立的挠性卫星姿态跟踪控制误差方程，给出了PD控制与补偿控制相结合的姿态跟踪控制器形式；考虑系统实现的时延影响，利用经典频率分析方法选择了兼顾系统稳定性及宽带控制的控制参数；在控制具体实现中，采用一种新型的基于力矩矢量调节奇异规避操纵策略，克服常规鲁棒奇异规避操纵存在的框架“锁死”现象，在解决奇异规避的同时避免激发挠性振动。所提出方法的有效性通过了在轨验证。     

A fault-tolerant magnetic spin stabilizing controller for the JC2Sat-FF mission

This paper presents a spin-stabilization algorithm for the Japan Canada Joint Collaboration Satellite-Formation Flying (JC2Sat-FF) mission using magnetic actuation only. It is shown that under a reasonable assumption on the Earth’s magnetic field, the resulting control law is asymptotically stabilizing for an axisymmetric spacecraft, even under the failure of up to two magnetic torque rods and magnetic torque rod saturation. It is also stabilizing under quantization. The satellite motion remains stable under control outages, meaning that the error can be reduced by implementing the control intermittently. The effectiveness of the control law is demonstrated using a high fidelity attitude control system simulator for the JC2Sat-FF satellite.     

双体卫星对日定向姿态机动控制

研究了双体卫星(DFP)对日定向姿态机动控制问题。首先分析双体卫星工作机理,建立载荷舱与平台舱姿态模型,推导磁浮机构线圈和磁钢相对距离的数学表达式。提出基于PD控制的载荷舱对日姿态机动、平台舱姿态跟踪以及两舱避碰等控制策略。在此基础上,为提高平台舱姿态跟踪速度,设计反步控制器对平台舱飞轮的动态特性进行补偿。进一步,为提高两舱协同控制性能,对传统PD控制进行改进,提出基于变增益PD控制的载荷舱姿态机动控制律,将两舱相对姿态信息包含在载荷舱对日姿态机动控制律中,有效降低了两舱碰撞风险,提高了两舱姿态机动速度。仿真结果表明,本文控制算法能有效实现双体卫星对日定向,且能避免两舱碰撞。     

纯磁控微小卫星的姿态捕获控制研究

针对纯磁控微小卫星姿态捕获问题,提出了一种基于姿态角和姿态角速度反馈的磁
矩能量控制律。利用Matrosov定理证明了该控制律具有一致渐近稳定性,能够保证星体最终
稳定到唯一的零轨道姿态角平衡位置。结合某在研低轨纳星,分析了气动力矩作用下星体大
角度姿态捕获的纯磁控性能。仿真结果表明,所设计的能量控制律具有一致渐近稳定特性,
考虑气动力矩影响时可在一个轨道周期内完成纳星姿态捕获,控制精度较高。该控制律具有
较好的工程应用前景,对于低成本微小卫星的研制是一个有益的探索。     

Attitude stabilization of a satellite by magnetic coils

Stabilization problem for a satellite is considered. The only measurement is of the geomagnetic field in the satellite coordinates. The control is carried out by a magnetic moment of current coils (magnetorquers) mounted on the satellite body. The stabilizer constructed in this work solves the problems of magnetic and gravitational stabilization. Qualitative analysis and results of numerical simulation are presented. The results of simulation show that the proposed stabilization system is reliable, and has an appropriate accuracy and does not need powerful sources of energy, and therefore can be used for attitude control of small satellites.     

应用变速控制力矩陀螺的卫星姿态机动的非线性控制

研究了以变速控制力矩陀螺(VSCMG)作为执行机构的卫星多目标快速机动的控制问题。首先建立了带有多个变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器姿态动力学模型,采用修正的罗德里格斯参数(MRP)描述姿态运动。在考虑执行机构饱和、机动速率限制、控制带宽限制等情况下,设计了基于Lyapunov理论的非线性姿态反馈控制器。针对外部干扰会使控制力矩陀螺的框架角偏移其标称值的情况,采取磁补偿控制来保持框架角在一定范围变化。以采用VSCMG为执行机构的某卫星为例进行了数值仿真,仿真结果验证了提出的非线性姿态反馈控制器的有效性,采取的磁补偿控制也很好地抑制了变速控制力矩陀螺框架角的偏移。     

大挠性多体卫星的自抗扰姿态控制系统设计

研究了最近提出的非线性自抗扰控制器 (ADRC)在大挠性多体卫星姿态控制中的应用问题。提出了一种双闭环自抗扰姿态控制器 (ADRAC) ,并从鲁棒性、干扰抑制、动静态性能指标和振动抑制等方面与使用于某挠性卫星的传统PID控制器进行了比较。在考虑了反作用轮和敏感器的实际非线性和敏感器噪声的影响情况下进行了仿真 ,结果表明 ,双闭环自抗扰姿态控制器各方面性能均优于传统的PID。本文提出的自抗扰姿态控制器 ,对实现挠性多体卫星的高精度高稳定度姿态控制 ,具有实际的应用价值     

Attractive manifold-based adaptive solar attitude control of satellites in elliptic orbits

The paper presents a novel noncertainty-equivalent adaptive (NCEA) control system for the pitch attitude control of satellites in elliptic orbits using solar radiation pressure (SRP). The satellite is equipped with two identical solar flaps to produce control moments. The adaptive law is based on the attractive manifold design using filtered signals for synthesis, which is a modification of the immersion and invariance (I&I) method. The control system has a modular controller–estimator structure and has separate tunable gains. A special feature of this NCEA law is that the trajectories of the satellite converge to a manifold in an extended state space, and the adaptive law recovers the performance of a deterministic controller. This recovery of performance cannot be obtained with certainty-equivalent adaptive (CEA) laws. Simulation results are presented which show that the NCEA law accomplishes precise attitude control of the satellite in an elliptic orbit, despite large parameter uncertainties.     

飞行器滑模变结构姿态控制器参数优化设计

研究了大气层外飞行器姿态控制器设计。基于误差四元数建立飞行器姿态运动学与动力学方程,用滑模变结构控制方法设计控制器,通过构造Lyapunov函数验证了控制器具全局稳定性和鲁棒性。以控制器参数为优化变量,机动时间为优化指标,飞行器发动机输出力矩为约束条件,用粒子群算法实现对滑模控制器参数的优化设计。仿真结果表明：控制器设计可行且有效,并能对参数进行优化。     

绳系太阳能发电卫星姿态机动的主动振动控制

针对绳系太阳能发电卫星大角度回转机动时太阳能板的振动抑制问题,提出了主姿态控制和基于绳中张力的主动振动控制技术相结合的复合控制方法。建立了绳系太阳能发电卫星系统的动力学方程,并基于任务函数控制算法设计了主控制器保证卫星姿态的渐近稳定和挠性结构振动的衰减性;考虑到绳的非线性特性,基于任务函数控制算法设计了绳系卫星系统的主动振动抑制辅助控制器来抑制挠性结构的振动。设计的同时证明了系统的稳定性。将该方法应用于绳系卫星的大角度单轴回转机动的仿真研究,结果表明:该方法不仅能够使绳系卫星完成姿态机动,而且能够有效地抑制太阳能板的振动。     

考虑未知飞轮摩擦力矩的航天器姿态跟踪鲁棒自适应控制

针对存在未知飞轮摩擦力矩和外干扰力矩情况下的姿态跟踪问题,提出并分析一种鲁棒自适应姿态控制律。姿态控制律采用一种间接处理未知飞轮摩擦力矩和外干扰力矩的方法。该方法并不直接关注未知摩擦力矩和外干扰力矩本身,而是关注其界,并用其进行控制器设计。最后基于Barbalat引理证明所得闭环系统的稳定性,并给出数值仿真结果。仿真结果校验了所提方法的有效性。     

一种模型独立自适应姿态跟踪滑模控制器

以一种能够自适应变化的伪转动惯量,基于Lyapunov稳定定理,推导出一种模型独立的航天器自适应姿态跟踪控制律。理论和数值仿真结果表明,与一般情况下需确知模型参数确定性部分的滑模姿态控制律相比,该控制律能够在不依赖于模型参数确定性部分的情况下良好地实现姿态跟踪,并对模型误差的不确定性和外干扰力矩具有一定的鲁棒性。     

帆板转动时卫星姿态的非线性控制

当帆板转动时，卫星姿态因系统质量特性的改变和帆板驱动力矩的作用而发生扰动，本文采用一种具有鲁棒性的非线性控制方法，实现了高精度的卫星姿态控制。     

New one-axis one-sensor magnetic attitude control theoretical and in-flight performance

New one-axis magnetic attitude control is proposed. Only one attitude sensor providing any inertial direction measurements is necessary, magnetometer is not used. The control may be used as a backup capability in case main actuators or some attitude sensors fail. Sun pointing is achievable using only three-axis Sun sensor, so the control may be used to lower the power consumption during battery charging. Asymptotic stability of different equilibria depending on the satellite inertia tensor is summarized. In-flight results from “Chibis-M” microsatellite are provided proving general control performance.     

Effects of uncertainties and flexible dynamic contributions on the control of a spacecraft full-coupled model

One of the most important problems for performing a good design of the spacecraft attitude control law is connected to its robustness when some uncertainty parameters are present on the inertial and/or on the elastic characteristics of a satellite. These uncertainties are generally intrinsic on the modeling of complex structures and in the case of large flexible structures they can be also attributed to secondary effects associated to the elasticity. One of the most interesting issues in modeling large flexible space structures is associated to the evaluation of the inertia tensor which in general depends not only on the geometric ‘fixed’ characteristic of the satellite but also on its elastic displacements which of course in turn modify the ‘shape’ of the satellite. Usually these terms can be considered of a second order of magnitude if compared with the ones associated to the rigid part of a structure. However the increasing demand on the dimension of satellites due to the presence for instance of very large solar arrays (necessary to generate power) and/or large antennas has the necessity to investigate their effects on their global dynamic behavior in more details as a consequence. In the present paper a methodology based on classical Lagrangian approach coupled with a standard Finite Element tool has been used to derive the full dynamic equations of an orbiting flexible satellite under the actions of gravity, gravity gradient forces and attitude control. A particular attention has been paid to the study of the effects of flexibility on the inertial terms of the spacecraft which, as well known, influence its attitude dynamic behavior. Furthermore the effects of the attitude control authority and its robustness to the uncertainties on inertial and elastic parameters has been investigated and discussed.     

Spin-axis pointing of a magnetically actuated spacecraft

Attitude regulation proves to be a challenging problem, when magnetic actuators alone are used as attitude effectors, since they do not provide three independent control torque components at each time instant. In this paper a rigorous proof of global exponential stability is derived for a magnetic control law that leads the satellite to a desired spin condition around a principal axis of inertia, pointing the spin axis toward a prescribed direction in the inertial frame. The technique is demonstrated by means of numerical simulation of a few example maneuvers. An extensive Monte Carlo simulation is performed for random initial conditions, in order to investigate the effect of changes in control law gains.     

基于时频域分析的轮控航天器姿态控制规律参数整定

研究了轮控航天器姿态控制规律的设计与参数整定问题。采用xyz转序欧拉角描述航天器姿态,建立了航天器动力学及运动学方程,并设计了非线性解耦控制律,使得各回路可独立设计PID控制器。以滚动回路为例,分析了PD控制参数与系统带宽、截止频率、相位裕度等多项频域指标的关系,从而设计有效的稳态控制器以应对挠性结构振动和系统时延等;接着根据姿态控制特性给出了积分参数选取及积分饱和处理策略;同时为快速完成姿态机动,结合时间最优控制特性分析了控制参数与机动角度的关系;此外,执行机构效率和系统干扰力矩等因素也被用于控制参数域的整定。最后利用整定策略设计了某型卫星的姿态控制器,并通过频域分析和数学仿真检验了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

低轨对地凝视卫星姿态模糊控制器设计

设计了一种用于低轨道小卫星对地凝视姿控的模糊控制器。根据刚体动力学导出的基于欧拉角的运动学和动力学方程,设计了对地凝视小卫星的姿态模糊控制器。仿真结果表明:与传统控制方法相比,该控制器具快速性和鲁棒性。     

充液挠性航天器姿态机动控制的多目标优化

针对充液挠性航天器姿态快速机动、快速稳定的控制要求,为减小姿态机动对挠性附件振动和液体晃动的激发,设计了一种基于正弦型加加速度的姿态机动路径规划方法。为进一步提高姿态控制性能,提出了一种基于云多目标粒子群算法的姿态控制器参数和机动路径参数联合优化方法。以最小化充液挠性航天器三轴姿态达到指定指向精度的时间以及三轴姿态稳定度,构建多目标优化模型,并应用云多目标粒子群算法求取姿态控制器参数和机动路径参数的Pareto最优解。仿真结果表明:采用多目标联合优化算法得到的控制器与路径参数,能够有效减小液体晃动和挠性附件振动,显著提高充液挠性航天器大角度姿态机动的快速性和稳定性。