数字式精密温控对FOG IMU性能的影响

以战术级光纤陀螺(FOG, Fiber-Optic Gyro)惯性测量组合(IMU, Inertial Measurement Unit)为研究对象,分析了环境温度与其测量精度的关系.为抑制外界温度对IMU的干扰,提出了一种实用的IMU温度控制方法,即根据IMU的热分析与仿真,优化温度控制方案和控制算法,并依此方法为IMU设计了基于模糊PID(Proportion Integration Differentiation)算法的数字式温控系统,研究了有温控和无温控对陀螺和加速度计测量精度的影响.试验表明,对IMU进行精密温控,改善了惯性器件的热环境,有助于提高IMU的综合性能.      

SLD光源温控模型延迟时间辨识及控制回路设计

针对光纤陀螺用SLD光源温控模型不准确所带来的温控系统稳定裕度不足、稳态精度差的问题,提出一种基于相角裕度补偿反推延迟环节的模型辩识方法,精确获取了SLD光源温控模型中的延迟时间常数,并据此设计了PID控制器.仿真及实验结果表明,温控系统幅值裕度、相角裕度分别优于10 dB、35°,在-20 ℃~+60 ℃温度范围内可以实现优于0.01 ℃的控温精度,有效提高了系统稳定裕度和稳态精度,满足任务需求.     

电磁兼容测量天线系数温度误差修正方法

为减小外场环境温度的影响,提高电磁兼容性(EMC)测试设备的测量精度,提出了一种电磁兼容测量天线系数温度误差修正方法.首先,根据1m距离两天线校准原理,理论推导了近场情况下采用透波材料制作的温控装置对接收天线接收特性的影响,结合仿真分析与试验结果,验证了使用温控装置带来的测试误差可控制在允许的范围内.然后,在此基础上,通过实际测试获得了典型天线的天线系数随温度的变化规律及误差修正曲面.最后,采用对比标准条件下和开阔试验场条件下的测试结果的方法来验证该方法的有效性.结果表明,在保证测量精度的前提下,通过天线系数温度误差修正,可将天线的使用环境温度扩展到-40~+50℃,进而减小外场试验测试误差.适用于双锥、对数周期和双脊喇叭等天线的天线系数温度误差修正.      

一种高动态条件下惯性星光组合定姿方法

针对高动态条件下星图拖尾导致惯性星光组合定姿精度下降甚至无法定姿的问题,提出了一种基于乘性扩展卡尔曼滤波的惯性星光深度组合姿态确定方法.利用星敏感器观测信息修正姿态误差,补偿陀螺漂移,并建立了陀螺输出的角度变化量与星图像移的关系,利用陀螺输出信息估计星图拖尾的模糊参数,采用维纳滤波复原方法对产生拖尾的星图进行复原以提高星图信噪比和观测精度.仿真结果表明该方法可以有效提高星像质心提取精度和星图识别率,对初始姿态误差修正更快,且不存在星图误匹配的情况,保证了惯性星光组合定姿方法在高动态条件下仍能保持较高的精度.     

一种改进PSO-ARMA半球谐振陀螺温度误差建模方法

为减小半球谐振陀螺(HRG)在温度效应下产生的漂移,建立了温度漂移补偿模型,对与温度有关的确定性漂移进行了补偿。提出了一种改进PSO-ARMA建模方法,对不确定性漂移进行了补偿。改进的PSO-ARMA建模方法将惯性权值递减策略引入到反向学习粒子群优化(PSO)算法中,提高算法跳出局部、快速收敛的能力,在建模时利用改进的PSO算法对ARMA参数寻优,以提高模型的精度。利用半球谐振陀螺升温实验数据进行了检验,经该模型补偿后,陀螺输出精度可达0.07°/h,且较传统ARMA建模方法精度提高了一倍。      

基于Fabry-Perot干涉仪的闭环微光机电加速度计

设计了一种闭环反馈差动式双FP腔的微光机电(MOEMS)加速度计,介绍了其工作原理及系统构成.利用惯性敏感单元将对载体加速度的测量转变为对载体位移的测量,利用光纤自聚焦透镜的端面与质量块组成的FP腔测量载体位移.为了提高系统的测量灵敏度和抑制温度等环境因素的影响,设计了一种差动式双FP腔测量机构.为提高微加速度计的输出线性度和动态测量范围,提出了采用静电力平衡技术构成闭环加速度计.建立了其数学模型,对所设计的加速度计重要参数指标——灵敏度、敏感头受载、固有频率等一一进行了详细计算和分析.在此基础上完成了设计背景要求下加速度计参数的优化设计,结果表明:该系统精度可以达到5×10-6g以上.      

一种改进的巡视器惯性/视觉组合导航模型

在传统的以惯性与视觉相对运动参数差为观测量的惯性/视觉组合导航模型中,为了得到简单的观测矩阵,惯性相对旋转四元数与平台失准角之间的函数关系往往通过近似处理得到。但当航向角较大时,该近似处理的误差很大,不可忽略。为解决该问题,文章提出了一种不需该近似处理的改进的观测量误差分析方法,并建立了改进的观测模型。该方法利用含误差的惯性姿态已知的特点,得到了更精确的惯性相对旋转四元数误差表达式,减少了Kalman滤波中惯性与视觉相对旋转差的状态模型预测误差。月面仿真和地面试验表明该改进方法相比传统方法可实现更高的导航精度,其中位置精度提高达68%。     

基于加性对偶四元数的惯性/天文组合导航算法

为了提高惯性/天文组合导航系统在高动态条件下的导航精度,提出了一种基于加性对偶四元数的惯性/天文组合导航算法.该算法将载体的旋转和平移统一起来,使用螺旋矢量更新对偶四元数,同时补偿圆锥误差和划船误差.推导了组合导航系统基于加性对偶四元数的误差模型和导航参数误差的计算方程;把陀螺仪和加速度计的常值误差扩充到状态变量中,随机误差作为系统噪声输入,利用星敏感器输出参数来校正陀螺漂移,通过卡尔曼滤波对状态变量进行估计.仿真结果表明:在高动态条件下,基于对偶四元数的惯性/天文导航算法的导航精度比传统算法提高2倍多.     

基于加性对偶四元数的惯性/天文组合导航算法

为了提高惯性/天文组合导航系统在高动态条件下的导航精度,提出了一种基于加性对偶四元数的惯性/天文组合导航算法.该算法将载体的旋转和平移统一起来,使用螺旋矢量更新对偶四元数,同时补偿圆锥误差和划船误差.推导了组合导航系统基于加性对偶四元数的误差模型和导航参数误差的计算方程;把陀螺仪和加速度计的常值误差扩充到状态变量中,随机误差作为系统噪声输入,利用星敏感器输出参数来校正陀螺漂移,通过卡尔曼滤波对状态变量进行估计.仿真结果表明:在高动态条件下,基于对偶四元数的惯性/天文导航算法的导航精度比传统算法提高2倍多.     

一种惯性信息辅助下的GPS快捕方法

全球定位系统(GPS,Global Positioning System)信号的捕获时间直接影响高动态环境下GPS接收机的使用性能.在分析传统的外部信息辅助GPS捕获方法的基础上,提出了一种在惯性信息辅助下进行快速捕获的方法,该方法由粗捕获和精捕获构成.详细分析了该方法的实现方法和性能,进行了MATLAB/Simulink系统级仿真及蒙特卡罗仿真试验.仿真结果表明:在保证码相位捕获精度和提高频率分辨率的前提下,运用该方法可以显著缩短GPS接收机搜索捕获的时间,提高接收机的动态性能,相对无外部信息辅助的情况总捕获时间缩短至2%~3%.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.