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机床加工性能和刀具切削性能的发展使得薄壁件的高效率和高精密加工成为可能,也使得薄壁件在航空航天领域得到更广泛应用。薄壁零件结构复杂、刚度低,在铣削过程中易发生变形,因此精准预测与控制薄壁件的加工变形是机加工领域亟需解决的工艺难题。通过对薄壁件分类以及加工工艺分析,归纳总结引起薄壁件加工变形的因素,对加工变形影响最为关键的铣削力计算模型进行简述;结合国内外薄壁件变形预测与控制方法的研究,以弹塑性和数值模拟方法对薄壁件加工变形进行预测,通过加工工艺优化、辅助支撑技术、高速切削技术和数控补偿技术等方法对薄壁件加工过程的变形量进行控制;基于数据驱动数字孪生体的更新迭代,实现薄壁件实际加工过程的孪生及薄壁件变形预测与控制,构建了以数字孪生为平台的薄壁件加工变形预测与控制理论框架;最后对数字孪生在薄壁件加工变形预测及控制的发展与应用提出展望。 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2020,33(4):1311-1328
Low stiffness and positioning problems are difficulties and challenges in the precise machining of near-net-shaped blades. This paper aims to achieve high accuracy in manufacturing by fixture- and deformation-control in the adaptive CNC machining process. Adaptive CNC machining technology is first analyzed, and new fixture-evaluation criteria and methods to evaluate the adaptive CNC machining process fixture design are built. Second, a machining fixture is designed and manufactured after analyzing its positioning scheme, clamping scheme, materials (PEEK-GF30), and structure characteristics. Finally, the designed fixture is analyzed by FEA and experimentally verified by a cutting experiment. The results show that the deformation of the blade is an overall rigid-body displacement, the main deformation of the blade-fixture system occurs on the four clamping heads, and this fixture can effectively protect the blade from local deformation. The proposed clamping-sequence method reliably and effectively controls the local maximum deformation of the blade. The system stiffness is increased by 20 Hz, with each clamping force increased by 200 N. Both high- and low-frequency displacement in roughing milling or finishing milling are acceptable relative to the accuracy demand of blade machining. This fixture and an adaptive CNC machining process can achieve high accuracy in blade manufacturing. 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2020,33(9):2434-2444
Owing to reliability and high strength-to-weight ratio, large thin-walled components are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industry. Due to the complex features and sequence involved in the machining process of large thin-walled components, machining deformation of component is easy to exceed the specification. In order to address the problem, it is important to retain the appropriate finishing allowance. To find the overall machining deformation, finishing allowance-induced deformation (web finishing allowance, sidewall finishing allowance) and initial residual stress-induced deformation were considered as major factors. Meanwhile, machined surface residual stress-induced deformation, clamping stress-induced deformation, thermal deformation, gravity-induced deformation and inertial force-induced deformation were neglected in the optimization model. Six-peak Gaussian function was introduced to fit the initial residual stress. Based upon the obtained function of initial residual stress, a deformation prediction model between initial residual stress and finishing allowance was established to attain the finishing allowance-induced deformation. In addition, linear programming optimization model based on the simplex algorithm was developed to optimize the overall machining deformation. Results have concluded that the overall machining deformation reached the minimum value when sidewall finishing allowance and web finishing allowance varied between 1 and 2 mm. Additionally, web finishing allowance-induced deformation and sidewall finishing allowance-induced deformation were 1.05 mm and 0.7 mm. Furthermore, the machining deformation decreased to 0.3–0.38 mm with the application of optimized finishing allowance allocation strategy, which made 39–56% reduction of the overall machining deformation compared to that in conventional method. 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2020,33(12):3495-3508
Deformation resulting from residual stress has been a significant issue in machining. As allowance allocation can directly impact the residual stress on part deformation, it is essential for deformation control. However, it is difficult to adjust allowance allocation by traditional simulation methods based on residual stress, as the residual stress cannot be accurately measured or predicted, and many unexpected factors during machining process cannot be simulated accurately. Different from traditional methods, this paper proposes an allowance allocation method based on dynamic approximation via online inspection data for deformation control of structural parts. An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for dynamic allowance allocation is established so as to approach the minimum deformation, which is based on the in-process deformation inspection data during the alternative machining process of upside and downside. The effectiveness of the method is verified both by simulation cases and real machining experiments of aircraft structural parts, and the results show that part deformation can be significantly reduced. 相似文献
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为了提高辊筒模具光学微结构的加工精度,本文对辊筒模具超精密加工机床的直线导轨系统进行了热变形分析。首先,根据液体静压导轨的结构特点提出了有限元分析中的油膜等效替代方法,建立了有限元分析模型。其次,应用有限元软件对机床直线导轨系统进行了热-结构耦合分析,得到了其直线导轨系统热变形误差,并给出了改善辊筒模具加工机床光学微结构加工精度的方法。最后,通过微结构刨削加工实验对有限元分析结果进行了验证。 相似文献
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为了提高叶片的加工质量、降低叶片成品的废品率和加工成本,以航空发动机薄壁叶片数控铣削、抛光、振动光饰、喷丸强化的典型加工工艺为研究对象,提出了一种面向多工序的加工变形误差补偿方法及加工检验模型的建立方法。分析各工序的加工变形规律,将多工序变形误差作为一个整体,利用反变形误差补偿方法建立数控精铣工序的加工模型。图纸要求的理论模型只作为最终检验模型,而工序检验模型根据后续加工误差累加对最终检验模型修改得到。通过实例验证,该方法有效地降低了叶片工序检验结论的误判率,保证了工序检验合格及最终检验合格的要求。 相似文献
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飞机整体结构件加工变形的有限元模拟与试验研究 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
在模拟淬火、拉伸过程获得含有初始残余应力的预拉伸板材以及模拟单齿切削过程获得切削载荷的基础上,提出并采用接力算法,对一航空整体结构件的材料铣削过程进行有限元仿真,同时进行了试验研究.结果表明,有限元模拟的整体结构件的变形与试验具有一致性,从而证明提出的整体结构件加工仿真关键技术的可行性,避免了为研究加工变形而进行的繁琐的试错法. 相似文献