基于ITU—R模型的降雨衰减特性研究与仿真

根据ITU-R雨衰预测模型，给出了静止轨道卫星降雨衰减顸测模型和非静止轨道卫星降雨衰减长期统计值计算方法。结合我国典型地面站的降雨率数据进行的仿真结果表明：所用模型和方法正确。研究对我国卫星通信系统的研究与设计有一定的参考价值。     

L、S频段电磁波在等离子体中衰减实验研究

利用低气压辉光放电原理在地面产生大面积、长时间稳定持续的可控等离子体,在此基础上进行了L、S频段的电波传播衰减实验,在实验室环境下持续再现了“黑障”现象,并获得了1.57GHz和2.49GHz电磁波衰减量随等离子电子密度变化的规律。将实验数据与经典传播理论以及薄层理论的预期值对比,结果表明：电波的衰减趋势与经典理论预期基本相符,验证了本文所提出的新实验方法的有效性;在等离子厚度约为波长的1倍与1.5倍条件下,未观测到明显的薄层效应。     

耦合运动对星间激光链路瞄准过程影响及补偿方法研究

在星间激光链路的瞄准过程中,光通信终端与卫星平台的耦合运动是影响瞄准精度的重要因素。本文以耦合运动数学模型为基础,建立了仿真实验系统,并以铱星系统为例,对低轨卫星星间激光链路光束瞄准过程进行了仿真研究。理论分析和仿真结果表明,终端与平台耦合运动所产生的瞄准偏差大于0.9mrad,目标卫星可接收到的信标光功率将被衰减达-7.2dB以上,严重影响目标卫星对信标光的捕获。为确保星间激光链路的建立,提出了耦合运动补偿方法,并进行了相应的仿真实验。仿真结果表明,补偿控制方法使耦合运动产生的瞄准偏差小于2μrad,对信标光的衰减小于-1.7×10-5dB,衰减量可忽略不计。该结果对低轨卫星间激光组网技术的研究具有重要意义。     

一种W波段波导衰减器的设计与验证

针对太赫兹频段卫星通信系统对信号传输及控制的需求,设计了一种工作于75 GHz～ 110 GHz毫米波频段的大功率高精度波导可调衰减器.文章采用了吸收式衰减的方案,设计了一种插入式衰减的波导衰减器的衰减结构.首先确定波导可调衰减器结构要求;其次运用HFSS软件对衰减器射频指标进行设计仿真,并对衰减片方阻、厚度、外形结构等进行参数分析;最后通过制造出波导可调衰减器实物并进行测试,验证了设计方法及设计结果准确.结果 表明:波导可调衰减器的驻波比与衰减片外形有关,衰减平坦度与衰减片方阻值相关.在75 GHz～110 GHz频段,衰减器的电压驻波比小于1.2,插入损耗小于1.0 dB,衰减量调节范围为0 dB～ 30 dB,耐功率为500 mW,实现了低驻波比、小插损、大衰减范围、高精度的技术要求.     

机载220 GHz云雷达衰减订正模拟试验

针对220 GHz云雷达回波信号的衰减问题，结合典型云滴谱和云参数，对水云和冰云模拟取样2 100次，应用离散偶极子近似法计算了220 GHz云雷达探测云滴粒子的衰减系数kc和雷达反射率因子Z的关系。在考虑大气和云对220 GHz云雷达信号衰减的基础上，对水云和冰云的机载220 GHz雷达回波强度进行了数值模拟，根据得到的kc-Z关系，进行衰减订正的模拟试验。结果表明:水滴云比冰晶云的衰减系数大2~3个数量级;相对于小粒子的水云和冰云，大气吸收是造成机载220 GHz云雷达衰减的主要原因。高频段的雷达信号在传播路径上的衰减非常明显，本研究中给出的kc-Z关系适用于220 GHz频率雷达的云衰减订正计算。     

激光衰减法测量固体火箭发动机尾流粒子参数

为了测量某固体火箭发动机尾流粒子参数,设计了基于激光衰减法的实验系统,并在发动机试车中采取了消除尾流辐射干扰的措施。将实验结果与参考文献的激光衰减法测量结果进行了比较,结果一致,表明所获得光强衰减信号和测量结果是可信的。在发动机燃烧室压强为9.5 MPa时,利用激光衰减方法测量喷管出口的粒子尺度d32=0.9μm,实验数据误差为20%。     

太阳同步轨道卫星太阳电池阵衰减因子研究

卫星太阳电池阵衰减因子主要由粒子辐照、紫外辐照、微流星体碰撞和冷热交变等衰减因子组成;由于空间环境极其复杂,仅用上述几种因子来描述太阳电池衰减规律并不全面。文章利用某太阳同步轨道卫星在轨6年的太阳电池阵输出功率数据,通过对在轨卫星太阳入射角、日地距离因子、太阳电池阵温度进行归一化计算,最终计算出太阳电池阵在卫星寿命过程...     

卫星系统热特性分析

考虑空间轨道外热流、卫星表面自身辐射、热载荷等因素影响,建立卫星温度场计算模型,在采用蒙特卡罗(Monte-Carlo)法求解卫星复杂辐射边界条件的基础上,利用有限容积法对卫星在轨飞行阶段的瞬态温度场进行数值模拟,计算得到卫星瞬态温度场,并考虑其表面自身辐射及空间轨道外热流等因素,建立卫星红外辐射通量计算模型,计算得到不同时刻、不同热载荷情况下的卫星红外辐射通量分布,并简要分析了在轨卫星热控涂层衰减所带来的表面太阳吸收比的变化对卫星温度场的影响。     

高分二号开启我国高分辨率遥感卫星应用时代

俗话说,好事多磨。 高分二号卫星的发射成功,比原计划晚来了半年多。然而,作为高分专项工程第二颗光学遥感卫星,高分二号卫星对于我国遥感卫星技术及应用产业发展所具有的重大里程碑意义,使其光芒并未因成功的曲折性衰减分毫。8月19日,高分二号卫星在长征四号乙运载火箭的完美托举下,腾空而起,精确入轨,标志着我国民用遥感卫星领域跨入米级分辨率时代。     

珠海一号高光谱卫星辐射精度真实性检验研究

“珠海一号（OHS）”高光谱商业遥感卫星数据在国民经济建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用。当前，针对商业遥感卫星数据质量精度的验证和评价研究成果较少。本文基于地面实测数据，对OHS卫星高光谱数据的辐射精度进行了真实性检验和定量分析。结果表明：OHS卫星表观辐亮度与实测结果具有较好的线性相关关系，相关系数R²大于0.7。与实测结果相比，OHS卫星各通道表观辐亮度值整体偏低，但两者光谱曲线形态基本一致。随着时间的推移，OHS传感器性能可能存在衰减，不同通道的衰减程度不一；在31个通道中，与实测值之间的相对差异在20%以内的通道数为9个；在20%~30%之间为14个，30%~40%为8个。     

Comparison of rainfall models with Ku-band beacon measurement

Predictions of rain rate and rain attenuation are the most vital steps when analyzing a satellite link operating at frequencies above 10 GHz. Rain attenuation at 12.594 GHz over a satellite path link was measured for the period of 3 years (i.e. January 2002 to December 2004) at Bangkok (13.7°N, 100.7°E). In this paper, a comparison between the current methodologies available to model the impact of rain in earth-space propagation and a dataset of 3 years of rain accumulation with a sampling period of 1 min is made.     

Advanced high capacity domestic satellite communications system

This paper describes a concept of multibeam high capacity transmission possible with a 30/20 GHz and 50/40 GHz domestic satellite communication system. The relationship between satellite antenna pointing accuracy and multi-beam antenna interference, as well as the relationship between satellite antenna pointing accuracy and multi-satellite interference are looked at.The ultra high capacity domestic satellite communication system will have multi-beam antennas with a 76.0 dB at both 20 GHz and 40 GHz. These antennas will provide 4950 beams that approximately correspond to the number of end office of the Japanese telephone network, and have a pointing accuracy of 0.005 degrees. This system will be equipped with 9900 30/20 GHz and 50/40 GHz transponder channels with bit rates of 800 Mbps. Its capacity will be 119 Tbps through use of 15 large communication satellite platforms.     

Propagation experiment with Japanese satellite,ETS-II (KIKU-2)

The first Japanese geostationary satellite, Engineering Test Satellite Type II [Kiku-2], has been successfully placed at 130°E at the beginning of March 1977.Using beacon transmitters at three coherent frequencies of 1.7, 11.5 and 34.5 GHz which are installed in ETS-II, the Radio Research Laboratories (RRL) of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MOPT) conduct propagation experiments to obtain preliminary information for the Experimental Communication Satellite (ECS) experiment.The experimental system for propagation experiment with ETS-II is composed of a main receiving station, a rain radar, a radio-meter, meteorological instruments and data handling computers.The receiving data, including signal levels of co- and cross-polarization in these frequencies and phase differences between each of these frequencies and polarization, are sampled every 200 msec.The satellite-to-Earth propagation experiment at the highest frequency has been satisfactorily started on 11 March 1977.     

光学遥感卫星微振动抑制方法及关键技术

针对光学遥感卫星面临的微振动对成像质量影响的问题,对微振动抑制设计方法和关键技术进行了论述。首先对动量轮、控制力矩陀螺、扫摆机构等主要扰动源的机理和特征进行分析,然后从传递路径设计、微振动源抑制、降低有效载荷敏感性三个方面介绍了微振动抑制方法,最后结合遥感卫星的研制过程给出了微振动抑制设计的实例。     

微波辐射计静止轨道遥感试验技术

在地球静止轨道上对大气进行微波遥感探测尚无先例。为验证静止轨道微波探测仪器关键技术,研究高轨微波辐射传输特性并积累遥感数据,研制了微波探测试验载荷,搭载于风云四号A星进行在轨试验。微波探测载荷采用真实孔径圆周扫描体系,配置双频段(183,425 GHz)五通道。载荷在轨试验中,各项指标正常,183GHz频段灵敏度优于0.5K,425GHz灵敏度优于1.9K,性能稳定并超过3个月考核寿命。对微波探测载荷183GHz与极轨载荷先进技术微波辐射计(advanced technology microwave sounder,ATMS)进行亮温交叉比对的结果显示,两者亮温相近,变化趋势一致,验证了探测数据的有效性。载荷还在静止轨道获取了极轨无法探知的3K/h量级亮温变化,并在风云四号A星姿态调整期间完成了静止轨道微波遥感成像。验证了在静止轨道上进行真实孔径体制微波遥感探测的有效性。     

The applications of lower power satellites for direct television broadcasting

The use of 12 GHz satellites for TV broadcasting directly to individual homes and small communities has been the subject of analysis and design study by groups in many countries. Implementation of the concept has been slow to follow because of the high satellite transmitter powers of from 100 to 450 W that have usually been determined to be necessary. Accumulated experience in Canada with 12 GHz operation and the evolution of technology are leading to changes in the concept of direct broadcasting such that lower power satellites may be capable of meeting the requirements.

Hermes, the Canadian/U.S. 12/14 GHz Communications Technology Satellite, has been in use for over 3 years in a program of experiments and measurements. This program has included an extensive six month experiment in direct broadcasting to 7 small communities. Experience with Hermes has shown that the signal strength is stable over long periods of time and that in Canada, significant precipitation attenuation at 12 GHz is of relatively short duration and typically occurs only during certain seasons. Operation with low propagation margins is feasible if some picture degradation and some outages at these times are acceptable. The frequency and duration of occurrence of outages can be controlled by the Earth station G/T which is cost sensitive. An individual may choose to use a low cost system with a small antenna and accept a degraded picture and outages at some times. A small community may choose to pay more for a larger antenna and lower noise receiver to achieve better performance.

Developments in technology are reducing the noise figure of mass-producible receivers from more than 6 dB to as low as 4 dB. Another technology contribution is the use of reduced bandwidth and other signal processing techniques in low-cost receivers. While use of such techniques may introduce distortions that would be unacceptable in rebroadcasting systems, there is little impact for individual and community reception. Use of both technologies reduce the required satellite EIRP or ground terminal G/T.

A field trial was begun in April 1979 to test these concepts for use in television program delivery. One hundred Earth stations capable of being tuned across a 500 MHz band and having antennas with diameters of either 1.2 m or 1.8 m are being installed for a test in Canada to receive TV signals from the 20 W transponders of ANIK-B (peak EIRP of 51 dBw) on an experimental basis. The acceptability of the video signals and the technical performance of the low-cost terminals in the bands of non-technical users are being evaluated.

The paper will summarize the concept of TV broadcasting with lower power satellites and describe the results to date of the ANIK-B field trials.     

低信噪比大频偏空间光信号的频率捕获研究

卫星相干光通信系统信号解调过程中,卫星相对运动会导致接收的信号光产生GHz量级的多普勒频移,信号光的远距离传输导致光信噪比极低,传统方法无法在低信噪比下补偿大范围多普勒频移,严重影响通信系统的能力。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种两段式频率捕获算法,该算法包含自动扫频和锁频控制两个阶段。自动扫频阶段通过本振光自动频率扫描将频差缩小至100 MHz量级;锁频控制阶段通过高精度的本振光频率控制与FFT变换,在低信噪比下继续缩小频差至MHz量级。仿真验证结果表明：该算法可在2 dB信噪比下补偿大动态范围的10 GHz范围多普勒频差,满足卫星相干光通信解调需求。