Operational Concept for Multi-Carrier Broadband VHF Communications

Operational air traffic management needs have led to the concept of the broadband VHF (B-VHF) aeronautical communications system. This explains the functional principles, architecture, and internal mechanisms of the B-YHF system, showing how it can be used to provide the existing aeronautical voice and data link communications services and a multitude of new data link services expected for the next decade or two.     

ATM and FIS data link services

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) currently has under development data link services for Air Traffic Management (ATM), Flight Information Service (FIS), and communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS). These services will be provided over the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN), a worldwide data network intended to provide data communications connectivity among mobile aircraft, airlines, and civil aviation authorities. The ATM and FIS services currently under development are part of an evolutionary process that will begin, for the most part, with duplication of voice services. In the future, services will facilitate a common source of data for pilots, controllers, and flight planners, as well as computer-to-computer communications between ground based and airborne automation systems. These future services will provide benefits such as the use of optimum aircraft tracks and flight profiles     

Aeronautical information and meteorological data-link services

Aeronautical Information and Meteorological Management is a key component of the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) global Air Traffic Management (ATM) operational concept. This global ATM concept is central to the Joint Planning and Development Office's (JPDO) Next Generation Air Transportation System (NGATS), and underlies Europe's Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) initiative. The availability of timely, accurate, and relevant aeronautical and meteorological information in the cockpit is critical for safe conduct of flight and forms the basis for Air Traffic Management (ATM) decision-making. The data-link of aeronautical and meteorological information will facilitate the creation of a common picture of the airspace situation for all flight crews, air traffic controllers, and airline operations personnel. Change notifications, timely warnings and alerts of threats to safe and efficient flight conduct will be enabled by these services. The ultimate goal is to provide access to on-line, real-time, quality information, and weather services to any aviation user, anytime, anywhere. In this framework, we present operational services and environment of the Aeronautical Information Management (AIM) and Meteorological (MET) data-link services envisaged to be implemented over the next decade in both Europe and the USA. It reflects concepts and system performance requirements currently developed by a joint EUROCAE (WG-76) / RTCA (SC-206) Committee. The envisaged AIM data-link services are presented: aeronautical updates both in textual and graphical fore, synchronization of aeronautical data between on-board and ground systems (exchange of permanent aeronautical data regardless of AIRAC cycles). The MET data-link services are also developed: weather planning, near-term, and reactive decision services.     

Current Issues and Future Trends: DVB-RCS Satellite Systems

The telecommunications market is reaching new types of customers who require their applications anywhere and anyway. Therefore, the DVB-RCS standard, which had great success in the fixed version is changing in this direction. The main objective of this work is to give an overview of architectures and technologies that can be used for implementation of a first-generation of advanced mobile satellite systems for the provision of broadband multimedia services.     

High-speed avionic optical fiber CDMA networks

With applications of systems integration technology to advanced aircrafts, high-speed and high-capacity optical fiber communication networks should be employed to support airborne broadband communication services. To guarantee real-time multiuser communications over a network, the selection of medium-access schemes is critical for avionics applications. In this paper, we briefly discuss the issues on high-speed multiple-access techniques and their applicability. Then we focus on the design and operation aspects of avionic optical fiber code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks. Some practical considerations on implementing such a CDMA network are also addressed and further improvement is pointed out. It is shown that avionic optical fiber CDMA networks can find a use in real-time avionic sensor data distribution, data exchange, and computer interconnects     

Application of Ground/Air Data Link to General Aviation Operations

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is currently upgrading secondary surveillance radars with systems which will have an integral data link capability, the Mode Select (Mode S) beacon system. These new systems will allow two-way data communications between ground systems (e.g., weather databases and Air Traffic Control (ATC) systems) and aircraft that are equipped with data link compatible Mode S transponders and suitable display and input devices. Initial data link services include both weather information and ATC advisories. The MITRE Corporation* is developing an in-house capability to perform end-to-end operational evaluation of data link services. Initially, a low-cost, portable pilot position man-machine interface is being developed for use in general aviation operations. The objective is to explore operational issues in laboratory and limited flight test environments, and to demonstrate these services on a data link I/O device, a laptop portable personal computer (PC) with touch panel. A group of pilots will bench test the interface design, and the results will be incorporated into the design used in flight testing. This paper describes the project's objectives and results to date, including implementation details and pilot test results.     

基于低轨互联网星座的全球导航增强——机遇与挑战CSCD

针对当前卫星导航发展的瓶颈问题,结合当前低轨互联网星座蓬勃发展的趋势,提出了基于低轨互联网星座的全球导航增强系统建设方案。从新兴用户群体对PNT性能的需求、低轨互联网星座的优势、建设成本优势以及通导融合优势等角度出发,分析了低轨全球导航增强的发展机遇。从频率资源、功率资源以及收敛时间三方面,总结了发展低轨全球导航增强系统面临的挑战。在此基础上,为系统体制、信号体制以及系统建设提出了发展建议。最后给出了总结认为低轨全球导航增强采用天基监测+信号增强体制,信号落地功率有望提升15~30dB,收敛时间缩短至秒级,信号频段向Ka频段扩展,最终实现城市挑战性环境下快收敛、高精度、高完好、高安全、高可用的PNT目标。     

宽频声传播计算中多自由度时域阻抗边界条件的适定性

旨在验证一种多自由度时域阻抗边界条件在宽频声传播问题中的适用性与精度.选用NASA(美国国家航空航天局)流管实验数据进行数值校核;采用高精度计算气动声学方法数值求解线化欧拉方程.计算结果与实验数据及单频结果均吻合很好,表明了该多自由度时域阻抗边界条件具备精确处理宽频声传播问题的能力.      

Investigation of rotor–stator interaction broadband noise using a RANS-informed analytical method

A Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS)-information analytical method for predicting Rotor-Stator Interaction (RSI) broadband noise is established in this paper. First, the turbulence information is deduced from RANS simulation result. Then, the unsteady load on the stator blade is calculated using a strip theory approach based on LINearized SUBsonic unsteady flow in cascade (LINSUB) and 2-D equivalence method. In the end, the sound power of RSI broadband noise is calculated by coupling the unsteady load on the stator blade with acoustic analogy and annular duct mode. The broadband noise model part of the RANS-information analytical method is validated against the upstream sound power of an annular cascade experimental bench. Besides, the RANS-information analytical method is used in predicting RSI broadband noise of a single-stage axial fan acoustic experimental bench, the results illustrate that the RANS-information analytical method can accurately predict the RSI broadband noise in different fan working conditions. After simplification the Wave Leading Edge (WLE) stator blade, the effect of WLE stator blade on RSI broadband noise is studies. Although the simplification may bring some discrepancies, the results illustrate that the RANS-information analytical method has the capability for further studies on the broadband noise reduction with WLE stator blade.     

Telecommunications Technology in Metropolitan Areas

The electronic communication technology available today offers the possibility of changing many patterns of information transfer in urban areas. There are three major trends which are converging to make this change possible. These are: 1) the technology to permit wideband information transfer manifested in the existing 2300/CATV/Cable System and in modification of the Bell network for wideband services; 2) the potential demand for a vast range of new services to persons operating in the urban areas; 3) the increasing demands for meeting mobile information transfer needs in the urban areas through radio systems operating in the 100 to 1000 MHz part of the spectrum. The extent to which these trends are allowed to converge will be a function of the quality of telecommunication policy formulation and execution. In order to formulate policy, it is necessary to have a vision of the future toward which to work. This paper will discuss the types of services possible with the technology presently available, which will have impact on future policy decisions.     

基于稀疏表示和近似(e)0范数约束的宽带信号DOA估计

针对宽带信号的波达方向(DOA)估计问题,在稀疏框架下提出一种近似(e)0范数约束的宽带信号DOA估计新算法.首先对宽带信号进行预处理,得到同一参考频率点下的接收数据,然后对其协方差矩阵元素进行加和平均运算,得到一个低维的观测向量,并在稀疏框架下进行稀疏表示,最后利用截断(e)1函数设定权值,构造逼近(e)0范数约束的稀疏重构方法,进而重构信号,获得宽带信号的DOA估计.仿真结果表明,相比于传统的宽带信号DOA估计算法,所提算法具有更高的分辨率和估计精度.     

Bistatic Interference between Neighboring Radars

Radar transmitters characteristically generate broadband noise sidebands [1] over the entire tunable frequency band of the system for the duration of the transmitted pulse. The noise will be backscattered over a substantial range interval. In certain circumstaces, this bistatic reflection of ground clutter emerges as the predominant mode of interference between adjacent radars operating in common bands. Closed form mathematical expressions are derived which relate this mutual interference to the system noise temperature. These results in turn are applied to a typical S-band radar.     

A plasma wave investigation for the Voyager Mission

The Voyager Plasma Wave System (PWS) will provide the first direct information on wave-particle interactions and their effects at the outer planets. The data will give answers to fundamental questions on the dynamics of the Jupiter and Saturn magnetospheres and the properties of the distant interplanetary medium. Basic planetary dynamical processes are known to be associated with wave-particle interactions (for instance, solar wind particle heating at the bow shock, diffusion effects that allow magnetosheath plasma to populate the magnetospheres, various energization phenomena that convert thermal plasma of solar wind origin into trapped radiation, and precipitation mechanisms that limit the trapped particle populations). At Jupiter, plasma wave measurements will also lead to understanding of the key processes known to be involved in the decameter bursts such as the cooperative mechanisms that yield the intense radiation, the observed millisecond fine-structure, and the Io modulation effect. Similar phenomena should be associated with other planetary satellites or with Saturn's rings. Local diagnostic information (such as plasma densities) will be obtained from wave observations, and the PWS may detect lightning whistler evidence of atmospheric electrical discharges. The Voyager Plasma Wave System shares the 10-meter PRA antenna elements, and the signals are processed with a 16-channel spectrum analyzer, covering the range 10 Hz to 56 kHz. At selected times during the planetary encounters, the PWS broadband channel will operate with the Voyager video telemetry link to give complete electric field waveforms over the frequency range 50 Hz to 10 kHz.     

前缘下垂远场低频宽频噪声特性

为了研究前缘下垂远场噪声特性，在北京航空航天大学D5风洞内开展前缘下垂增升构型远场噪声特性试验研究，并利用计算流体力学的方法补充提供增升构型附近流场信息。增升构型模型为前缘下垂搭配后缘襟翼，为了消除襟翼噪声干扰，后缘襟翼收起。研究表明，前缘下垂增升构型远场噪声频谱以宽频噪声为主。随着来流速度的增加，宽频幅值逐渐增加。其中，低频（200~400 Hz）宽频噪声幅值经过马赫数5次方归一化后吻合良好。随着迎角的增加，中高频宽频幅值变化不大，但是，低频宽频噪声幅值变化明显，先降低再增加。通过分析在不同迎角下，有效迎风面积、压力面DSM Dyneema布变形以及两者共同对远场噪声幅值的影响，发现远场低频宽频噪声幅值变化规律与模型附近流场变化有关。     

基于参考信号方法的叶轮机械宽频噪声试验研究

航空发动机降噪研究迫切需要1种叶轮机械宽频噪声测量方法。通过在单级轴流风扇进口段布置的4圈环形麦克风阵列对管道内宽频噪声进行了测量,每圈阵列由8个环壁面布置的传声器组成。在40%~100%设计转速下,利用互相关方法对管道内宽频噪声进行了试验研究。结果表明:在相同转速不同工况下的噪声结果差别很小。该方法能准确地对管道内模态波进行分解,并分辨出顺流和逆流传播的模态波,进一步证实了互相关方法在管道宽频噪声测量方面有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于天地一体化信息网络的智能航空客运系统

计算机小型化、物联网、无线宽带通信、人工智能技术近年来发展迅速，对社会产生了巨大影响，作为使能技术，其在航空上的应用将对飞机设计、飞机飞行和维修保障等领域产生革命性的变革。未来的飞机将具有强大的信息智能感知和处理能力，依托天地一体化信息网络实现多维度物联，并结合智能地面系统，共同完成智能飞行、智能维护和智能运营等业务流程。本文总结了上述新技术的发展现状及其航空应用前景，提出了基于天地一体化信息网络的智能航空客运系统的概念，设计了系统架构，描绘了典型应用场景，识别了关键技术并指出了面临的挑战。研究成果有助于飞机制造商更好地设计面向未来的智能飞机，也有助于航空公司对智能飞机进行高效的运营和管理。     

民机机体噪声及其降噪研究

分析了机体噪声源的主要机理及其基本性质。机体噪声由绕起落架装置和高升力系统的流动引起的压强脉动产生。起落架和前缘缝翼产生的基本上是宽频噪声,它们和襟翼的宽频噪声的强度分别随速度的6次方、4.5次方和5次方变化。实际飞行中还应注意存在的"寄生"噪声。此外,较为详尽地讨论了包括QTD II、RAIN、SILENCE(R)和TIMPAN等降噪措施在内的研究项目及其可获得的效果,还讨论了噪声的计算方法,介绍了国外航空界提出的未来民机需降噪的目标,表明民机设计面临降噪的巨大挑战。     

Mobile Satellite Plans and Status

A variety of new communication functions will become available near the end of the decade when mobile satellite services (MSS) are introduced commercially in the United States and Canada. Mobile radios, hand carried radios and small fixed transponders will communicate directly through satellites into the telephone network or to private base stations. Voice, data, and position fixing services will be distance insensitive with good performance in difficult terrain and remote locations. Experiments with NASA satellites and studies in the U.S. and Canada demonstrated the technical feasibility and practical applications of mobile satellites. In 1983 Mobile Satellite Corporation, followed by Skylink Corporation, applied to the FCC for authorization to build and operate a land and aeronautical mobile satellite system for the United States. Canada had advanced its plans for an MSAT system. In response to these initiatives, the FCC issued a ``Notice of Proposed Rulemaking' that proposed the allocation of radio spectrum for the new service and asked for applications from prospective providers. Twelve applications were received. The shortage of radio spectrum in the U.S. has resulted in much contention over the proposed allocations, and the numerous applications have introduced competing systems concepts. The paper describes a likely system implementation, its services and markets, and the current regulatory status.     

推力螺旋桨噪声试验

针对某推力螺旋桨开展了噪声测试,获得了定桨矩角、不同转速工况的螺旋桨噪声频谱特性和典型工况下的螺旋桨噪声辐射指向性,分析了螺旋桨噪声与转速、桨矩角的变化规律,以及螺旋桨的纯音噪声、宽频噪声和总噪声的辐射指向性.结果表明:随桨矩角和转速增大,宽频噪声在总噪声中占比增大,在大桨矩角、高转速下,宽频噪声强度已经与纯音噪声相当...     

Vehicular remote tolling services using EGNOS

Future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) will significantly improve the performance of current navigation systems, providing new and enhanced capabilities. This will enable the implementation of innovative and advanced services and applications closer to the user's needs. In this framework, the road sector is one of the major potential markets for GNSS applications and, therefore, it is very promising for future EGNOS and GALILEO related applications. Satellite navigation receivers are now commonly installed in cars as a key tool for proving new services to people on the move such as electronic charging, real-time traffic information, emergency calls, route guidance, fleet management, or advance driving assistance systems. Specifically, a very important commercial opportunity is represented by the tolling-related applications. This paper describes the Vehicular Remote Tolling (VeRT) Project sponsored by Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU) and performed in the frame of the first GJU Call under the EC VI Framework Programme. The overall design of the service provision architecture is also presented in this paper, together with the main topics related to the following activities focused on the service prototype demonstrator development.