单轴速率三轴位置惯性测试转台误差及传递分析

阐述了单轴速率三轴位置惯性测试转台系统误差的种类,诸如安装面与轴线平行度、位置精度和回转精度等,主要来源于安装工艺、控制系统精度、测角系统精度以及机械磨损等因素,不可避免地存在于转台系统中。由此产生了综合性的指向误差并对测试数据造成影响,文章根据飞行仿真转台的指向误差公式推导出了适合本实验用惯性测试转台的误差计算公式。依据实际的测试流程计算出各轴的指向误差,得出标度因数、阈值、分辨率等参数测试时,指向误差使得被测参数偏小;而对于交叉耦合参数,造成被测参数偏大,在对高精度陀螺组合测试时应予以估计和补偿。     

激光星间链路终端指向误差标定中的误差分离研究

针对激光星间链路终端指向误差在轨标定中航天器姿态测量误差影响标定结果的问题，本文提出了基于多链路测量的航天器姿态测量误差分离方法。该方法利用了导航星座中同一航天器同时建立多条链路的特点，获取不同方向的LCT指向误差测量数据。通过同时估计航天器姿态测量误差与LCT自身指向误差参数，实现了航天器姿态测量误差与LCT自身指向误差的分离。仿真结果表明：航天器姿态测量误差对LCT指向误差标定结果有显著影响，利用本方法进行误差分离后，LCT指向误差标定结果最大偏差由分离前的64.9 μrad下降到误差分离(6条链路)后的21.1 μrad，有效降低了航天器姿态测量误差对LCT指向误差标定结果的影响。该方法的有效性取决于链路条数和链路拓扑构型。     

盘形凸轮轮廓线的测量及数据处理方法研究

采用等分度测量方法进行凸轮实际轮廓线的测量,通过三次样条函数对测量数据点进行曲线拟合,最终利用平面等距线对拟合的曲线进行测头误差修正。实际证明该数据处理方法切实可行,具有较合理的精度。     

飞行器程控跟踪相控阵天线安装误差补偿技术

针对窄波束高增益相控阵天线波束指向精度要求高、安装误差对波束指向的影响无法忽略的问题,提出了一种基于光学瞄准的安装误差测量方法,给出了光学测量内容和误差修正矩阵,经某型无人机飞行测试表明,该方法可以减少由安装误差带来的波束指向偏差,对高精度波束指向具有重要意义。     

星间激光通信机光轴指向误差源分析与补偿控制

针对星间激光通信机后光路各光学元件存在的安装误差导致的光轴指向偏差，细化了激光通信机光学系统中各元件的误差矩阵，并采用矩阵光学方法提高分析精度，通过蒙特卡洛法模拟了总体误差情况，定量分析了各光学元件安装误差对光轴指向精度的影响。为了校正存在的固定安装误差，提出了基于误差校正矩阵的补偿方案。在不测量元件具体误差的情况下，通过相机处光斑质心坐标，反推入射光矢量方向，计算得到误差校正矩阵，对跟踪机构的转动角度进行补偿，显著降低了安装误差对光轴指向精度的影响，并在实机进行了粗跟踪误差校正矩阵修正安装误差的实验验证和全角度推广。结果表明，误差校正矩阵可以在难以测量后光路内部各光学元件误差的情况下，补偿系统安装误差，实现对后光路光轴指向误差的校正，大大简化了地面误差修正的流程，同时节约了在轨通信机跟踪指向运算资源，提高跟踪响应频率。     

太阳帆板平面度测量系统的误差补偿方法

介绍了一种采用斜光学三角形测量结构和基于虚拟精密测量基准的太阳帆板平面度无接触测量系统及误差补偿方法.提出的虚拟精密基准的建模与误差补偿技术,解决了在非精密基准上实现精密测量这一难题,使得所研制的测量系统利用现有平台可实现对太阳帆板平面度的高精度测量.实际测量结果表明,该测量系统对面积为2581mm×1755mm太阳帆板的平面度测量精度达0.02mm(RMS).     

航天器总装精度测量中一种不规则棱镜矢量计算方法

航天器总装精度测量一般是通过被测设备上安装的立方镜实现的。某型号上的一种设备受其在航天器上安装位置的限制,使用经纬仪和现有精度测量软件无法直接测得立方镜三个相互垂直平面法线在航天器坐标系下的角度。文章提出使用切角为135°不规则棱镜替代立方镜,并详细介绍了切角为135°不规则棱镜三个相互垂直平面法线在航天器坐标系下矢量的计算方法。该方法已经过验证和认可,并应用到后续型号的精度测量工作中。     

基于惯性系的双轴旋转式惯导系统转位方法

针对双轴旋转式惯导系统中不能自动补偿标度因数误差与地球自转耦合误差的问题,提出了一种改进的转位方法。该方法不增加转轴数目,通过补偿地球自转在转轴平面的投影抑制耦合误差项,计算结果表明该方法适用于激光陀螺惯导系统和光纤陀螺惯导系统。利用改进的转位方法对双轴旋转式惯导系统进行仿真,仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性。研究结果为双轴旋转式惯导系统的工程设计和改进提供了一定的理论支持。     

基于窄脉冲的脱靶量测量误差补偿算法

在利用基于窄脉冲的单通道测量系统进行标量脱靶量测量时,由于收发天线必须分置而导致冲激雷达系统具有较大的系统误差,从而对标量脱靶量等参数的估计精度带来影响。文中针对该误差提出了一种补偿算法,在单通道测量系统的基础上,增加一接收天线通道,利用目标散射点与双通道接收天线、发射天线所构平面中的三角关系对系统误差进行补偿。仿真结果表明,该误差补偿算法可以极大地改善系统测量精度,进而提高标量脱靶量等参数的估计精度。     

双通道反射式强度调制型光纤位移测量系统

对双通道反射式强度调制型光纤位移传感器测量系统进行优化设计。测量结果表明 ,所构成的系统重复性误差小于 0 .5 % ,测量范围为 2 .0 mm。该测量系统使用单片机处理测得数据 ,用查表插值的方法得到输出位移量     

天基光学传感器的视线测量误差分析

针对天基光学传感器的视线测量误差分析问题,提出一种基于多因素分析的视线测量误差分析方法。利用目标到光学传感器像平面的转换关系,建立目标观测模型。分析视线测量过程中的各种误差源,从理论上推导地惯坐标系下的视线测量误差与卫星轨道误差、卫星姿态误差、传感器指向误差以及像元分辨率的关系。Monte Carlo仿真试验验证了该理论分析方法的有效性,分析结论可以为工程应用提供参考。
     

一种改进的激光星间链路终端指向误差在轨标定方法

提出一种改进的激光星间链路终端(LCT)指向误差在轨标定方法，对激光星间链路终端指向误差模型和观测数据获取方法进行改进。针对现有的终端指向误差参数模型误差因素考虑不足的问题，引入相应的误差项描述误差因素影响。针对链路观测法中存在的激励信号受限，不能充分激励误差参数的问题，以捕获过程中指向机构主动摆动时的入射光信号作为激励信号，以系统误差参数的可观测度最大为目标优化设计激励信号。仿真结果表明：经过本方法标定的误差参数经修正后， 激光星间链路终端的最大指向误差（方位向）由改进前的867.8 μrad下降到改进后的112.1 μrad；最大指向误差（俯仰向）由改进前的62.1 μrad下降到改进后的51.5 μrad，有效地提高了激光星间链路终端指向精度。     

基于实时引导修正的大口径天线对星快速校相方法

对测控站中快速校准和差通道相位的方法进行了原理分析,以18 m口径天线为例,论证了在X频段下大口径天线的空间波束相对于S频段更窄,利用X频段空间目标进行快速校相时需要天线系统提供更高的指向精度来满足校相时的角度偏置处于主瓣内.通过分析抛物面天线的指向误差源和模型,提出了基于该模型进行目标引导数据误差反向修正的工程应用方...     

Biaxial Mode of Rotation of a Satellite in the Orbit Plane

A mode of motion of a satellite with respect to its center of mass is studied, which is called the biaxial rotation in the orbit plane. In this mode of rotation, an elongated and nearly dynamically symmetric satellite rotates around the longitudinal axis, which, in turn, rotates around the normal to the plane of an orbit; the angular velocity of rotation around the longitudinal axis is several times larger than the orbital angular velocity, deviations of this axis from the orbit plane are small. Such a rotation is convenient in the case when it is required to secure a sufficiently uniform illumination of the satellite's surface by the Sun at a comparatively small angular velocity of the satellite. The investigation consists of the numerical integration of equations of the satellite's motion, which take into account gravitational and restoring aerodynamic moments, as well as the evolution of the orbit. At high orbits, the mode of the biaxial rotation is conserved for an appreciable length of time, and at low orbits it is destroyed due to the impact of the aerodynamic moment. The orbit altitudes and the method of constructing the initial conditions of motion that guarantee a sufficiently prolonged period of existence of this mode are specified.     

Maneuver planning of a rigid spacecraft with two skew control moment gyros

The attitude maneuver planning of a rigid spacecraft using two skew single-gimbal control moment gyros (CMGs) is investigated. First, two types of restrictions are enforced on the gimbal motions of two skew CMGs, with each restriction yielding continuous control torque along a principal axis of the spacecraft. Then, it is proved that any axis fixed to the spacecraft can be pointed along an arbitrary inertial direction by at most two sequent rotations around the two actuated axes. Given this fact, a two-step eigenaxis rotation strategy, executing by the two single-axis torques respectively, is designed to point a given body-fixed axis along a desired direction. Furthermore, a three-step eigenaxis rotation strategy is constructed to achieve an arbitrary rest-to-rest attitude maneuver. The rotation angles required for the single-axis pointing and arbitrary attitude maneuver schemes are all analytically solved. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.     

Uncontrollable Rotational Motion of the Mir Orbital Station

The results of determining the rotational motion of the Mir orbital station are presented for four long segments of its unmanned uncontrolled flight in 1999–2000. The determination was carried out using the data of onboard measurements of the Earth's magnetic field intensity. These data, taken for a time interval of several hours, were jointly processed by the least squares method with the help of integration of the equations of station motion relative to its center of mass. As a result of this processing, the initial conditions of motion and the parameters of the mathematical model used were evaluated. The technique of processing is verified using the telemetry data on angular velocity of the station and its attitude parameters. Two types of motion were applied on the investigated segments. One of them (three segments) presents a rotation around the axis of the minimum moment of inertia. This axis executes small oscillations with respect to a normal to the orbit plane. Such a motion was used for the first time on domestic manned orbital complexes. The second type of motion begins with a biaxial rotation which, in a few weeks, goes over into a motion very similar to the rotation around the normal to the orbit plane, but around the axis of the maximum moment of inertia.