共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 698 毫秒
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面向浅层月壤的小型取样器研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
面向浅层月壤取样,设计一种重量轻、功耗低、收缩体积小的卷簧式可伸缩月壤取样器,分别给出取样臂的静力学和动力学模型,并进行有限元分析,研究取样臂几何参数对其最大推力的影响,给出最大推力的数学估计公式,研究取样臂为不同长度时取样器的振动模态,得出取样器谐振频率与取样臂长度呈幂函数关系。实验证明取样器能够在模拟月壤、水泥及黄沙样品表面以下10cm内定量取样,取样器在有、无振动时取样的比较实验表明振动法能够有效提高钻进效率、钻进深度和样品抛丢效率。理论分析、仿真及实验验证了取样器设计的合理性及振动法取样的有效性。 相似文献
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以小行星表面着陆探测为背景,提出一种动量驱动机器人(MoRo)以满足弱引力复杂环境下的探测需求。该机器人利用弱引力环境下的摩擦和碰撞特性,通过主动辨识环境参数,规划和控制动量轮以产生期望的驱动力矩,完成可控性跳跃及腾空后的稳定拍照等任务。首先,基于MoRo的动量轮刹车机构特性,分析了MoRo在弱引力环境下的跳跃机理并对其跳跃方式进行了规划;接着考虑动量轮驱动机构三闭环伺服系统的非线性特性,基于Herze碰撞模型和Karnopp摩擦模型建立了MoRo在小行星表面的跳跃行为动力学模型;其次,使用机器学习算法建立环境参数和MoRo运动的函数关系,并基于环境参数规划动量轮转速实现跳跃距离和腾空高度的可控。最后,通过数值仿真校验了MoRo跳跃规划方法和控制方法的可行性。 相似文献
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载人小行星探测的任务特点与实施途径探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
介绍了载人小行星探测的发展现状,对目前美国基于"猎户座"飞船的载人小行星探测的概要方案进行了描述,包括探测器系统组成、运载火箭和飞行方案等内容。从速度增量、目标星引力等方面,分析了载人小行星探测的任务特点,并与载人火星探测、载人月球探测以及无人小行星探测的任务特点进行了比较。给出了载人小行星探测的实施途径建议,包括目标星选择、载人飞船系统设计等。讨论了其所涉及的推进、星际飞行安全保障、小行星表面行走等关键技术。研究结果可为我国开展载人深空探测提供参考。 相似文献
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某型号液体火箭发动机用高速诱导轮离心泵存在抗汽蚀性能偏低的问题,而液体火箭发动机对泵的抗汽蚀性能有特别严格的要求,其直接影响发动机的性能和可靠性。为获得更高的效率,按照常规泵设计经验选取较大的诱导轮出口角,而理论分析此时诱导轮和离心轮的能量匹配不是最佳,不能获得较好的汽蚀性能。经过理论分析,提出降低诱导轮出口角的改进方案,并对诱导轮离心泵流场进行数值模拟,并在试验室进行了试验验证。仿真及试验表明在相同叶轮外形尺寸条件下,提出适当降低诱导轮出口参数的设计方法,虽然泵的扬程和效率略有降低,但泵的抗汽蚀性能得到大幅提高,该方法提高泵的抗汽蚀性能是可行的。 相似文献
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为研究小行星星壤在低速侵入过程中的力学响应,利用落塔实验舱构建微重力环境,制备典型的无黏性星壤模拟物,利用恒速加载方式模拟采样器等装置侵入星壤的过程,测量了模拟物的承载强度和边界应力随沉降深度的变化,并记录了模拟物表面形貌的变化过程。实验结果表明,微重力下星壤的承载能力较地球重力环境下大大降低,其响应特性更接近于流体,且与侵入速度、星壤孔隙率、颗粒粒径级配、侵入体尺寸等因素相关联。实验结果可为小行星表面着陆和采样装置的设计与验证提供重要数据支撑。 相似文献
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The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency is currently developing the second asteroid sample return mission, designated as Hayabusa 2. Following the successful return of Hayabusa from the asteroid “Itokawa”, Hayabusa 2 is designed as a round-trip mission to the asteroid “1999 JU3”. The 1999 JU3 is a C-type asteroid, which is believed to contain organic matter and hydrated minerals. Thus, it is expected that successful sample collection will provide additional knowledge on the origin and evolution of the planets and, in particular, the origin of water and organic matter. The current mission scenario will enable the spacecraft to reach 1999 JU3 in the middle of 2018 and perform an asteroid proximity operation for 1.5 years. Three touch downs for sampling and one 2-m-class crater generation by means of a high-speed impact operation are planned during the asteroid proximity operation. The samples are to be brought back to the Earth by a re-entry capsule. The present paper describes the system design of Hayabusa 2, some key technical challenges of the mission, and the development status. 相似文献
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The article demonstrates the feasibility of artificially increase the spin rate of asteroids about 200 m in diameter beyond the limit in which they begin to disrupt. In the proposed concept a tethered satellite of less than a few tens of kilometres length anchored to the asteroid surface is employed as a mean to exchange angular momentum with the celestial body and increase its spin rate. Simple calculations based on angular momentum and energy conservation show that a 200 m diameter asteroid can be spun-up to critical rotation speed in less than one year with current technology.The scheme can be utilized as a unique scientific tool to characterize the asteroid internal structure and composition. 相似文献
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基于闭式补燃循环液体火箭发动机流量大的特点,欲设计效率水平高的航天反力式涡轮。因涡轮进出口压力均很高,而膨胀比小、载荷系数大,为保证较高的涡轮效率水平,对涡轮气动设计方法进行了优化。在涡轮进口总温、总压、转速和功率一定条件下,以AMDC/KQ涡轮叶栅损失模型为基础,依据涡轮中径的一维气动计算,对涡轮子午通道、叶栅通道及叶栅造型几组参数组合分别进行了气动设计的优化,研究了涡轮中径、叶高、叶栅稠度、导动叶喉宽匹配及动叶进口构造角对涡轮效率的影响,实现了涡轮效率水平最高。 相似文献
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The low gravity of a small asteroid would present a challenge for an astronaut attempting to work on its surface. Extravehicular activities (EVAs) of the sophistication of the Apollo Moon missions are not likely to be possible if astronauts attempt to walk freely on the asteroid, hover above its surface, or anchor locally into the regolith. Manipulating large rocks, drilling, and excavating at multiple locations is a high priority science objective, but would be difficult without a hold-down mechanism. If the asteroid has even a small rotation rate, maneuvering precisely over its surface could be cumbersome. A plausible means of conducting complex EVAs is to tie ropes entirely around the asteroid, under which the astronaut is pushed downward onto the asteroid surface by the tension in the rope. The downward force provides an artificial gravity that permits the astronaut to drill, excavate, hammer, and carefully document materials on the surface without the worry of being thrown from the asteroid. An astronaut could also use the ropes as handholds or guides to maneuver freely over the surface. 相似文献
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《Acta Astronautica》2008,62(11-12):1130-1135
The low gravity of a small asteroid would present a challenge for an astronaut attempting to work on its surface. Extravehicular activities (EVAs) of the sophistication of the Apollo Moon missions are not likely to be possible if astronauts attempt to walk freely on the asteroid, hover above its surface, or anchor locally into the regolith. Manipulating large rocks, drilling, and excavating at multiple locations is a high priority science objective, but would be difficult without a hold-down mechanism. If the asteroid has even a small rotation rate, maneuvering precisely over its surface could be cumbersome. A plausible means of conducting complex EVAs is to tie ropes entirely around the asteroid, under which the astronaut is pushed downward onto the asteroid surface by the tension in the rope. The downward force provides an artificial gravity that permits the astronaut to drill, excavate, hammer, and carefully document materials on the surface without the worry of being thrown from the asteroid. An astronaut could also use the ropes as handholds or guides to maneuver freely over the surface. 相似文献
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A Japanese spacecraft, Hayabusa2, the successor of Hayabusa, which came back from the Asteroid Itokawa with sample materials after its 7-year-interplanetary journeys, is a current mission of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and scheduled to be launched in 2014. Although its design basically follows Hayabusa, some new components are planned to be equipped in Hayabusa2 mission. A Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI), a small explosive device, is one of the challenges that were not seen with Hayabusa. An important scientific objective of Hayabusa2 is to investigate chemical and physical properties of the internal materials and structures. SCI creates an artificial crater on the surface of the asteroid and the mother spacecraft observes the crater and tries to get sample materials. High kinetic energy is required to creating a meaningful crater. The SCI would become complicated and heavy if the traditional acceleration devices like thrusters and rocket motors are used to hit the asteroid because the acceleration distance is quite large and guidance system is necessary. In order to make the system simpler, a technology of special type of shaped charge is used for the acceleration of the impact head. By using this technology, it becomes possible to accelerate the impact head very quickly and to hit the asteroid without guidance system. However, the impact operation should be complicated because SCI uses powerful explosive and it scatters high speed debris at the detonation. This paper presents the overview of our new small carry-on impact system and the impact operation of Hayabusa2 mission. 相似文献