噪声标准装置中频接收机设计CSCD

介绍了噪声标准装置中一种高灵敏度中频接收机的设计,该接收机可替代安捷伦8970等噪声系数测试仪完成噪声功率的测量工作。本文比较详细的介绍了它的设计原理,并给出测试结果。     

Solar wind electron density and temperature over solar cycle 23: Thermal noise measurements on Wind

We present the solar wind plasma parameters obtained from the Wind spacecraft during more than nine years, encompassing almost the whole solar cycle 23. Since its launch in November 1994 Wind has frequently observed the in-ecliptic solar wind upstream of the Earth’s bow shock. The WIND/WAVES thermal noise receiver was specially designed to measure the in situ plasma thermal noise spectra, from which the electron density and temperature can be accurately determined. We present and discuss histograms of such measurements performed from 1994 to 2003. Using these large data sets, we study the density and core temperature variations with solar activity cycle and with different regimes of the solar wind. We confirm the anticorrelation of the electron density with the sunspot number, and obtain a positive correlation of the core temperature, with the sunspot number.     

一种适合现场保障的新型雷达噪声系数测试仪

雷达接收机的噪声系数直接影响到雷达的作用距离,是衡量雷达接收机工作性能的重要指标,本文针对雷达现场保障设备的需求,采用大动态对数放大器AD8310,设计了一款专用雷达噪声系数测试仪,能够适应雷达接收机增益大动态变化的特点及外场温度大幅度变化的环境,已经试用于某对空警戒雷达保障系统,并取得了较理想的效果。     

基于双谱的eLORAN接收机干扰抑制方法研究

针对eLORAN导航定时接收机传统自适应滤波干扰抑制算法性能易受高斯噪声影响的问题，提出了一种基于双谱检测的干扰抑制方法。该方法采用双谱估计，在高斯噪声中检测出干扰信号，再用检测信号调节自适应滤波器的系数，完成系数更新，最终达到去除干扰的目的。理论分析与实验结果表明：双谱检测方法能够有效的抑制高斯白噪声，提取信号。基于双谱检测的干扰抑制方法，可有效去除和减轻干扰，特别是在强高斯噪声干扰的情况下，抑制干扰效果明显，解决了eLORAN接收机在强噪声下的干扰抑制问题，具有一定的推广和应用价值。     

基于双谱的eLORAN接收机干扰抑制方法研究

针对eLORAN导航定时接收机传统自适应滤波干扰抑制算法性能易受高斯噪声影响的问题,提出了一种基于双谱检测的干扰抑制方法。该方法采用双谱估计,在高斯噪声中检测出干扰信号,再用检测信号调节自适应滤波器的系数,完成系数更新,最终达到去除干扰的目的。理论分析与实验结果表明：双谱检测方法能够有效的抑制高斯白噪声,提取信号。基于双谱检测的干扰抑制方法,可有效去除和减轻干扰,特别是在强高斯噪声干扰的情况下,抑制干扰效果明显,解决了eLORAN接收机在强噪声下的干扰抑制问题,具有一定的推广和应用价值。     

自适应阈值突发模式光接收机的性能分析

在考虑判决阈值的衰落时间和噪声特性对光接收机性能的影响后,提出了一种分析突发模式光接收机误码性能的综合模型,并分析了与传统的交流耦合光接收机相比较时,突发模式光接收机的灵敏度损失.     

Enhancing the kinematic precise orbit determination of low earth orbiters using GPS receiver clock modelling

Clock error estimation has been the focus of a great deal of research because of the extensive usage of clocks in GPS positioning applications. The receiver clock error in the spacecraft orbit determination is commonly estimated on an epoch-by-epoch basis, along with the spacecraft’s position. However, due to the high correlation between the spacecraft orbit altitude and the receiver clock parameters, estimates of the radial component are degraded in the kinematic approach. Using clocks with high stability, the predictable behaviour of the receiver oscillator can be exploited to improve the positioning accuracy, especially for the radial component. This paper introduces two GPS receiver clock models to describe the deterministic and stochastic property of the receiver clock, both of which can improve the accuracy of kinematic orbit determination for spacecraft in low earth orbit. In particular, the clock parameters are estimated as time offset and frequency offset in the two-state model. The frequency drift is also estimated as an unknown parameter in the three-state model. Additionally, residual non-deterministic random errors such as frequency white noise, frequency random walk noise and frequency random run noise are modelled. Test results indicate that the positioning accuracy could be improved significantly using one day of GRACE flight data. In particular, the error of the radial component was reduced by over 40.0% in the real-time scenario.     

脉冲调制波相位噪声现场测量装置

脉冲调制波相位噪声现场测量装置突出解决现代低占空比雷达的相位噪声测量问题，既可以测量雷达发射机或脉冲放大链的附加相位噪声，也可测量整体雷达发射机源的相位噪声。本文主要介绍了本装置的组成、原理、技术指标、技术特点、关键技术以及装置测量结果的验证。     

亚临界雷诺数圆柱绕流远场气动噪声实验研究

针对亚临界雷诺数下圆柱绕流的气动噪声问题,在北京航空航天大学D5气动声学风洞中进行了圆柱绕流远场气动噪声的实验研究。在D5气动声学风洞实验段不同来流条件下,测量消声室中距离圆柱不同位置的自由场传声器的远场声压信号,经过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)获得亚临界雷诺数下圆柱绕流气动噪声随来流速度、接收点距离的变化规律。实验结果表明:圆柱绕流的远场气动噪声在垂直气流方向最大,随着偏离垂直方向角度的增大噪声逐渐减小,属于典型的偶极子噪声源辐射特性;远场气动噪声近似与来流速度的6次方成正比,与接收点到圆柱中心距离的2次方成反比,这说明偶极子类型的噪声源是圆柱绕流的主要噪声源。      

A new algorithm on increasing the sensitivity of microwave radiometer based on nonlinear prediction

Currently, microwave radiometer, which has been one of the most important remote sensors in the land, ocean or atmosphere remote sensing, has played a vital role in space exploration such as the lunar exploration in China. As a passive remote sensor, microwave radiometer receives the noise resembling signals that are generated by microwave radiation while mixed with the systemic noise of the receiver. Therefore, it is the significant subject that how to improve the sensitivity of microwave radiometer that people devotes to study. And on the system noise reduction lies the key. So far, except through choosing low noise element to the receiver, there is no effective alternative to remove the influence of the systemic noise on output uncertainty of microwave radiometer. However, for the purpose of providing or inspiring solution to this problem, this paper inquires into the application of nonlinear predictive method in predication the systemic noise of microwave radiometer. As the substance of the method, neural network shows its function on reducing the systemic noise effectively by estimating and predicating it. Because neural network can improve the estimated precision when estimating the systemic noise, after the noise passes through filter, certain random characters are lost while determinacy are presented to some extent. In fact, the more narrow filter band is, the smaller predictive error will be. The results are of assistance in understanding the intrinsic quality of the systemic noise and offer a new way for improving property of microwave radiometer.     

Low-latitude ionospheric scintillations and total electron content obtained with the CITRIS instrument on STPSat1 using radio transmissions from DORIS ground beacons

The primary objective of the Scintillation and Tomography Receiver in Space (CITRIS) is to detect ionospheric irregularities from space at low latitude. For this purpose, the satellite receiver uses the UHF and S-Band transmissions of the ground network of Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) beacons. CITRIS, developed at the Naval Research Laboratory, differs from the normal DORIS receiver by being able to capture and store the complex amplitude of the 401.25 and 2036.25 MHz transmissions at 200 Hz sample rate. Ground processing of the CITRIS data yields total electron content (TEC) and both phase and amplitude scintillations. With CITRIS flying on the US Space Test Program (STP) satellite STPSat1, 2 years of data were collected and processed to determine the fluctuations in ionospheric TEC and radio scintillations associated with equatorial irregularities. CITRIS flights over DORIS transmitters yield direct measurements of the horizontal plasma density fluctuations associated with equatorial plasma bubbles. Future flights of CITRIS can provide valuable complements to other satellite instruments such as GPS occultation receivers used to estimate vertical electron density profiles in the ionosphere.     

FSK副载波光纤传输的灵敏度分析

在光纤传输系统中，副载波光纤传输是一种独特的传输方式，以ＭＩＬ－ＳＴＤ－１７７３年推荐的ＦＳＫ副载波光纤传输为例，对光接收机噪声及误率进行了分析，提出在色噪声情况下常规接收机的判决门限修正，为了简化计算起见，给出一种近似计算的方法，经计算，得到了副载波ＦＳＫ在不同接收机组态及码速率情况下的灵敏度曲线，并与常见的曼彻斯特码作了对比，分析了副载波光纤传输在不同场合时的性能。     

基于GPS遥感的延迟映射接收机关键技术

全球卫星定位系统GPS(Global Positioning System)广泛应用于定位和导航,还可利用海面对GPS信号产生的散射效应进行微波遥感,是一种新型微波遥感手段.首先介绍了GPS海洋遥感测风技术产生背景及特点,给出了GPS散射信号测量技术理论基础,重点分析了延迟映射接收机设计中提高采样信号信噪比、双射频前端电路设计、计算反射点延迟、接收机工作模式、内嵌软件处理等5项关键技术.设计的延迟映射接收机样机在天津近海完成了首次搭载飞行试验,试验结果表明,延迟映射接收机可同时接收直射和海面散射卫星信号并输出导航定位解,正确计算镜面散射点码延迟,准确接收海面散射的GPS卫星信号,且散射信号信噪比达到了14.9 dB以上,接收机输出为反演海面风场提供了准确的基础数据,这种方式可推广到遥感探测陆地土壤湿度、海冰厚度、海浪高度等领域.      

模拟光接收机输出信噪比的计算

对采用雪崩光电二极管和砷化镓场效应管前放组件(APD-GaAsFET)的模拟光接收机而言,传输函数幅频特性在阻带不可能是理想的,在这种情况下,给出了一种分析、计算阻带幅频特性不理想带来的输出信噪比代价的方法,并得到了用低通滤波器改善阻带幅频特性时,输出信噪比改善的定量关系.推导出的输出噪声功率表达式对APD-GaAsFET模拟光接收机普遍适用.     

射频接收机系统级建模中的噪声谱分析

提出了一种在有限的系统参数下进行射频接收机系统建模时,各子电路噪声参数的分析和计算方法.从噪声功率谱的等效计算出发,给出了加性高斯白噪声通过有噪线性电路的分析方法.以一通信电台为例进行了分析计算,在给定有限的系统参数(信噪比,灵敏度,增益等)下分析出合理的各子电路的噪声参数,并进行建模仿真验证,理论结果与仿真结果较好吻合,表明了分析方法的有效性.该噪声功率谱的等效分析计算方法对射频系统建模有很好的指导作用.      

C 波段全场效应晶体管化宽带微波接收机

介绍一个全场效应晶体管化 C 波段卫星转发器用微波接收机的方案,并给出微波通道部分的实验结果,其中采用元器件均以国内1986年生产,现空间仍在用的高可靠性器件为设计依据和实验样管。实验结果与法国汤姆逊公司1986年为我国研制生产的 C 波段接收机(以下简称法国接收机)相比,电气指标均能达到该公司产品水平,同时具有结构简单、体积小、低功耗等优点。该方案同样适于 Ku波段应用。     

气象卫星接收装置的频率流程和频率综合器

为了接收全气象频段,本文提出了把频率综合器与接收机联合设计的方法,以得到最佳的性能价格比。在接收机的自动化设计中,频率综合器内设有计算机接口电路,使计算机可直接与频率综合器对接。我们在气象卫星接收设备中采用了数字锁相技术。本文分析了锁相环的噪声特性,以达到在数字锁相的频率综合器的设计中尽量减少干扰的频谱。     

卫星导航有源接收天线噪声温度测量

卫星导航有源接收天线的噪声温度是导航接收系统的关键技术指标之一。针对卫星导航有源天线总体噪声温度无法测量的问题，研制了两台口面型噪声源，口面噪声源主要由辐射体、辐射体物理温度控制和温度测量仪等组成。两个口面噪声源在L和S波段分别提供高低温标准噪声温度，采用Y系数测量方法测量有源接收天线的总体天线噪声温度。测量了某卫星导航有源天线的总噪声温度，在(1.19～1.29) GHz的频率范围内，中心频率1.24 GHz上噪声温度测量结果为206 K，但是在1.266 GHz频率点上噪声温度测量大于4 000 K，说明天线与滤波器之间、滤波器与放大器之间存在设计问题或其它问题，体现出测量有源天线噪声温度的必要性。     

数字电视接收机同步时间估测方法

数字电视接收机同步时间是数字电视服务质量的一项重要指标,但同步时间在现有设备条件下不能直接测量得到.为此使用误码测试仪和脉冲噪声源设备,通过多次测试脉冲噪声造成的误码秒的个数,计算得出数字电视接收机同步时间.由于采用随机时刻触发的方式,修正了原方法中与起始时刻相关的局限性;由于对脉冲噪声的长度没有限制,可用于测试更长交织时间的系统的同步时间;测量精度达到0.1 s,与直接测量方法相比提高一个数量级.此方法经过数学推导验证,并通过数字电视地面广播标准接收机的实测数据讨论了测量参数对同步时间的影响.     

无源互调对直扩系统伪码捕获性能的影响

无源互调干扰信号会对无线通信系统造成不同程度的影响,轻则干扰无线通信系统,严重时阻塞无线通信系统信号传输通道。为了定量分析无源互调干扰信号对直扩系统伪码捕获性能的影响,建立了无源互调干扰下直扩系统模型,考虑卫星接收机中噪声的影响,采用修正柯西分布概率密度模型,分别对平方律检波器捕获方法和平方检波累积器捕获方法在无源互调干扰下的捕获性能进行了理论推导和仿真验证。仿真结果表明,高信干噪比下无源互调干扰对通信系统的影响比噪声小,90%捕获检测概率下相差2.92dB;采用平方检波累积方法可获得一定的累积增益,90%捕获检测概率下的累积增益为2.36dB。