基于试飞数据的飞行模拟器气动模型校核

为了提高飞行模拟器气动模型模拟的逼真度和置信度,提出了一种模拟器气动模型校核方法。采用先校核纵向、再校核横航向,先校核稳态、再校核动态的思路,通过对比试飞数据与仿真模型相关参数来修正引起偏差的气动导数项;综合分析不同状态点修正系数存在的统计规律,形成可用于飞行仿真解算的气动参数修正模型。试飞数据验证表明,校核后的仿真气动模型能满足模拟器客观测试规范要求,显著提高了气动模型模拟的逼真度。     

Gurney襟翼对翼型气动特性影响的风洞实验研究

针对风力机叶片翼型WA251A在Re=3.0×106情况下,安装Gurney襟翼时气动力的变化展开风洞实验研究.对WA251A翼型在干净翼和安装Gurney襟翼情形下的气动力进行对比,重点讨论了Gurney襟翼安装高度、安装角度及安装位置等因素对翼型气动力的影响.实验结果表明:同一安装位置安装高度的增加其增升效应越明显...     

直升机机身气动外形的低阻优化设计

直升机机身阻力是飞行阻力的主要来源之一,通过对机身外形的优化设计,能够实现直升机的高效低阻飞行.首先,把机身划分为头部、中段和尾梁三段,对其外形轮廓线进行CST参数化表示;其次,采用拉丁超立方法选取试验设计样本点,计算各样本点的阻力系数,构造Kriging代理模型,估计模型预测的精度;最后,选用序列二次规划算法对其进行优化,并对优化后的机身模型进行了风洞试验.通过计算分析可知:所建立的Kriing代理模型能够精确预测阻力系数值,优化后得到了机身的设计参数;机身阻力系数减小了15.3％,理论值与试验值吻合良好.     

气动设计的多目标优化算法比较研究

由于目标函数复杂且流场求解耗时,气动优化设计需要选择搜索能力强且调用目标次数少的优化算法,现有的优化算法种类很多,针对不同类型问题算法性能不同。本文将常用的多目标优化算法进行了分类总结并进行函数测试,判断各个优化算法对不同问题的收敛性和稳定性,找出适合气动优化的多目标优化算法。将该算法应用于气动优化问题当中,进行了针对翼型的气动优化设计,缩短了优化时间,取得了一定的优化效果。     

倾转旋翼气动优化设计

倾转旋翼的气动外形设计需要对其在直升机模式和飞机模式下的不同要求进行综合考虑,对其气动外形相关参数进行优化以使倾转旋翼同时具有较高的悬停效率和巡航效率。本文基于自由尾迹分析方法建立了倾转旋翼的气动特性分析模型,以悬停和巡航效率为目标函数,以桨叶弦长分布、预扭角分布、厚度分布及翼型分布位置和旋翼转速为设计变量,以旋翼功率和桨叶重量为约束,提出了倾转旋翼气动多目标协同优化策略,对桨叶气动外形进行了优化设计,优化后的旋翼具有更优的气动性能,表明所提出的优化方法是可行的。     

末敏子弹气动外形设计与气动特性分析

设计了一种轴向折叠尾翼的末敏子弹气动外形,给出了尾翼的布局方式。对设计的三片尾翼末敏子弹气动外形进行了风洞实验和数值模拟。实验和数值模拟结果表明:三片尾翼的末敏子弹增阻效果明显,并能够提供一定的滚转力矩。流场计算结果表明:流场随迎角的变化很大,且翼体干扰严重。对圆柱部弹身和尾翼的压力系数分析结果表明:尾翼的存在提高了圆柱部、尤其是圆柱部尾部的压力,弹体的存在降低了整个尾翼迎风面,尤其是翼根部的压力,这种翼体干扰现象对于提高末敏子弹的静稳定性有益。     

翼型纵向俯仰非定常气动力研究

飞行器飞行时受到的非定常气动力是飞行器设计以及机动飞行中须考虑的一个重要因素。采用CFD方法数值模拟了NACA0012翼型在马赫数从0.2~5.0范围变化时做强迫振荡的非定常流场。通过积分法计算了在不同马赫数时翼型的俯仰动导数。计算结果表明,迟滞效应随马赫数的增大先增大后减小,在跨声速区域迟滞效应达到最大;迟滞环的绕向在跨声速区域为顺时针方向;迟滞环顺时针绕向时,动导数大于零,模型动不稳定,逆时针绕向时,动导数小于零,模型动稳定;旋转角速度越大,翼型表面非定常气动效应越明显。     

UKF-WNN及其在准定常失速气动力建模中的应用

提出一种利用无轨迹卡尔曼滤波估计小波网络参数的算法,该算法可克服算法存在的收敛速度慢、计算量大、局部极小等缺点。以飞机的准定常失速现象的气动力建模为应用背景,分别运用BP算法,扩展卡尔曼滤波算法和无轨迹卡尔曼滤波算法训练小波网络。仿真结果表明,无轨迹卡尔曼滤波算法较之BP算法和扩展卡尔曼滤波算法具有更快的训练速度和更高的预测精度,可以胜任复杂的非线性气动现象的建模任务。     

转速优化旋翼的桨叶气动外形参数优化设计

为了获得转速优化旋翼桨叶的最优气动外形,采用自由尾迹方法计算旋翼入流,以叶素积分法计算桨叶气动力,建立了旋翼气动分析模型,为了保证计算精度及效率,旋翼配平计算采用了二次配平方法。首先分析了不同桨叶气动外形参数对旋翼性能的影响,再利用遗传算法,以悬停效率和前飞需用功率为目标,对转速优化旋翼桨叶的气动外形进行优化设计,得出了转速优化旋翼桨叶的最优气动外形方案。在最优方案的基础上,采用区间因子法分析桨叶外形参数变化对旋翼效率影响的敏感度,根据敏感度值验证了方案的最优性。最后根据设计的最优桨叶气动外形方案,研制了桨叶试验模型,进行了风洞吹风试验,试验结果表明最优桨叶气动外形能使转速优化旋翼的悬停与前飞性能指标达到理论预期值,从而验证了转速优化旋翼桨叶最优气动外形设计的有效性。     

Progress in design optimization using evolutionary algorithms for aerodynamic problems

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are useful tools in design optimization. Due to their simplicity, ease of use, and suitability for multi-objective design optimization problems, EAs have been applied to design optimization problems from various areas. In this paper we review the recent progress in design optimization using evolutionary algorithms to solve real-world aerodynamic problems. Examples are given in the design of turbo pump, compressor, and micro-air vehicles. The paper covers the following topics that are deemed important to solve a large optimization problem from a practical viewpoint: (1) hybridized approaches to speed up the convergence rate of EAs; (2) the use of surrogate model to reduce the computational cost stemmed from EAs; (3) reliability based design optimization using EAs; and (4) data mining of Pareto-optimal solutions.     

导弹的直接力/气动力控制系统设计

针对临近空间大气稀薄、防空导弹获得气动力较小的问题,提出了一种直接力/气动力复合控制系统设计方案。首先建立了导弹的气动控制系统模型,然后建立了采取轨控方式的直接力控制系统模型。以弹目相对距离作为直接力控制系统开启的判断条件,输出脉冲直接力,将气动力和直接力的控制作用叠加,构成了直接力/气动力复合控制系统,弥补了导弹末制导末段气动过载较小的不足,提高了导弹的制导精度。通过具体的仿真实例及定性分析,验证了该复合控制系统设计方案的有效性和可行性。     

高超声速飞行器多目标气动优化设计

随着高超声速飞行器的发展,其外形优化受到了广泛关注。应用一种新型的改进多目标布谷鸟优化搜索算法(IMOCS),采用修正的牛顿法与面元法相结合来获得高超声速飞行器的气动性能,采用自由变形参数化方法(FFD)来进行外形的参数化,以最大化容积率和升阻比为设计目标,开展了高超声速滑翔飞行器的多目标气动外形优化设计,获得了综合容积率及升阻比性能更高的气动外形,验证了方法的有效性。最后,将IMOCS算法和当前主流的多目标优化算法NSGA-Ⅱ进行了对比,结果表明,IMOCS算法的效果明显优于NSGA-Ⅱ。     

Inverse aerodynamic design for distributed propulsion wing with expected circulation distribution

Distributed Propulsion Wing(DPW)technology offers significant advantages in terms of flight energy savings,but the strong aerodynamic coupling between the propulsive internal flow and aerodynamic external flow brings significant design challenges.As the primary DPW profile design is of great significance,this paper proposes a hybrid method to solve the inverse problem mainly based on the formula relationship between the required aerodynamic loads and the profile shape,which is more direct and instructive compared with traditional parametric iterative methods.The aerodynamic characteristics are described by the circulation distribution in the Fourier series form,then the mean camber line of the profile is solved through the re-derived airfoil theory considering disk's influence.Further CFD correction methods are also proposed.To validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed hybrid inverse method,several DPW profile design tests are then conducted.Finally,the relationship between 2D and realistic 3D unit shape is also researched.The results show that the proposed inverse design method has great accuracy and convergence speed in the design tests,and shows good robustness against changes of the design parameters.The 2D profile shape and the actual 3D shape of DPW unit can establish an aerodynamic-propulsion equivalent relationship based on the same internal mass fluxes.     

Flexible loop filter design for spacecraft phase-locked receivers

A flexible loop filter design for spacecraft phase-locked receivers is proposed. The loop filter is implemented as digital hardware with coefficients that are set by registers. Either a perfect or an imperfect integrating loop filter can be effected. This flexibility is important since not one type of loop filter is preferred for all circumstances. An imperfect integrator is preferred when, as is often the case for spacecraft receivers, it is important to minimize the best-lock frequency drift of an idling loop. A perfect integrator is preferred when the tracking performance of the loop is the most important consideration     

Data-driven surrogate model for aerodynamic design using separable shape tensor method

In the context of increasing dimensionality of design variables and the complexity of con-straints,the efficacy of Surrogate-Based Optimization(SBO)is limited.The traditional linear and nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithms are mainly to decompose the mathematical matrix composed of design variables or objective functions in various forms,the smoothness of the design space cannot be guaranteed in the process,and additional constraint functions need to be added in the optimization,which increases the calculation cost.This study presents a new parameterization method to improve both problems of SBO.The new parameterization is addressed by decoupling affine transformations(dilation,rotation,shearing,and translation)within the Grassmannian sub-manifold,which enables a separate representation of the physical information of the airfoil in a high-dimensional space.Building upon this,Principal Geodesic Analysis(PGA)is employed to achieve geometric control,compress the design space,reduce the number of design variables,reduce the dimensions of design variables and enhance predictive performance during the surrogate optimiza-tion process.For comparison,a dimensionality reduction space is defined using 95％of the energy,and RAE 2822 for transonic conditions are used as demonstrations.This method significantly enhances the optimization efficiency of the surrogate model while effectively enabling geometric con-straints.In three-dimensional problems,it enables simultaneous design of planar shapes for various components of the aircraft and high-order perturbation deformations.Optimization was applied to the ONERA M6 wing,achieving a lift-drag ratio of 18.09,representing a 27.25％improvement com-pared to the baseline configuration.In comparison to conventional surrogate model optimization methods,which only achieved a 17.97％improvement,this approach demonstrates its superiority.     

基于积分鲁棒的电液负载模拟器渐近跟踪控制

电液负载模拟器(EHLS)是典型的电液力矩伺服系统,存在大量非线性特性和模型不确定性(特别是非线性摩擦),随着对电液力矩伺服系统跟踪性能的要求越来越高,传统线性控制策略很难满足加载系统的高性能需求,迫切需要设计先进的非线性控制策略。针对以上问题,建立了包含连续可微摩擦模型的系统非线性数学模型,基于Lyapunov理论设计了一种误差符号积分鲁棒控制方法。该方法能够克服模型不确定性对系统的影响,在舵机运动干扰作用下实现了系统的渐近稳定性能。实验对比结果验证了该控制方法的优良性能。     

乘波飞行器气动优化设计的关键技术与进展

乘波飞行器以高升阻比以及高度一体化性能成为国内外高超声速临近空间飞行器研究的热点。介绍了乘波飞行器气动优化设计的发展现状,重点分析了机体/推进一体化设计、增升减阻降热设计和优化设计方法的关键技术,提出了乘波飞行器气动优化设计的一种思路,并对未来进一步的研究进行了展望。     

Design and implementation of an AC active load simulator circuit

An AC active load simulator circuit which can simulate a desired load impedance with a power factor from zero to unity (leading or lagging) for the tested AC source is realized and tested. An interface circuit is designed to compute the simulated current waveform for the load-driver circuit according to the specified program of the system control unit and the measured source frequency and voltage amplitude. Both inductive and capacitive loads can be simulated by adjusting the phase difference between the voltage and current waveforms. A software feedback control approach is employed to adjust the current amplitude and the power factor for the purpose of maintaining the impedance value constant regardless of the variation of the source voltage amplitude     

A practical nonlinear robust control approach of electro-hydraulic load simulator

This paper studies a nonlinear robust control algorithm of the electro-hydraulic load simulator （EHLS）. The tracking performance of the EHLS is mainly limited by the actuator＇s motion disturbance, flow nonlinearity, and friction, etc. The developed controller is developed based on the nonlinear motion loading model. The problems of the actuator＇s disturbance and flow nonlinearity are considered. To address the friction problem, the friction model of the loading motor is identified experimentally. The friction disturbance is compensated using the obtained friction model. Therefore, this paper considers the main three factors comprehensively. The developed algorithm is easy to apply since the controller can be obtained just with one step back-stepping design. The stability of the developed algorithm is proven via Lyapunov analysis. Both co-simulation and experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of this method.