单向CFRP螺旋铣削力建模

螺旋铣削加工工艺具有降低轴向力,改善排屑、散热条件等优点,螺旋铣削力是其重要过程指标之一。对单向CFRP螺旋铣削力建模方法展开研究,预测给定加工参数下的螺旋铣削力。首先,通过对螺旋铣削过程进行运动学分析和切屑几何分析,建立了螺旋铣削过程中侧刃、底刃动态切屑层模型,纤维切削方向角度模型和动态切削力计算模型。然后,分别通过侧刃直线槽铣实验和底刃半齿插铣实验,对各个切削方向角度下侧刃、底刃切削力系数进行了标定,并利用人工神经网络对切削力系数进行拟合。最后,将标定所得的切削力系数代入动态切削力计算模型中,建立了单向CFRP螺旋铣削过程动态切削力预测模型,并通过实验验证了模型的准确性。与现有模型相比,该模型不仅能够预测刀具螺旋运动周期内的切削力变化情况,还可以对每个刀具自转周期内的细节进行预测,通过考虑纤维切削方向角度对切削力系数的影响,反映了单向CFRP材料的各向异性,较为准确地预测了螺旋铣削力。     

基于微小型机床的微细铣削力实验研究

在自行开发的三轴联动微小型铣床上,对铝合金材料2A12进行了微细铣削力实验.采用单因素方法,研究了微细槽铣时主轴转速、轴向切削深度、每齿进给量对切削力的影响,以及微细顺铣和逆铣时径向切削深度对切削力的影响,并对切削力信号进行频谱分析.     

高速铣削铝合金7055铣削力和铣削温度的仿真研究

采用有限元分析软件AdvantEdge模拟了航空铝合金7055高速铣削过程,获得了单个刀齿高速加工中铣削力变化曲线,预测了不同切削时间下工件及刀具上的温度分布,获得了刀具前刀面和后刀面的温度分布曲线;建立了高速铣削参数对铝合金7055铣削力和铣削温度的影响曲线,可辅助优化切削加工参数,有助于减小切削过程中刀具的磨损,改善刀具切削状态,提高刀具使用寿命.     

PH13-8Mo插铣铣削力建模与分析

插铣可降低径向切削力,减小工件变形,降低机床功率消耗,可实现难加工材料高效加工,其应用也越来越广泛。本课题针对沉淀硬化不锈钢PH13-8Mo的切削特点,搭建了切削力测试试验平台,采用正交方法设计了试验,运用多元线性回归方法对试验结果数据进行了拟合,建立了PH13-8Mo的插铣铣削力经验模型,对插铣铣削力随切削参数的变化规律进行了分析,并进行了试验验证,为研究沉淀硬化不锈钢的插铣过程提供了依据。     

Ti—1023钛合金的立铣问题

本文对Ti-1023钛合金的立铣进行了研究。测量了顺铣逆铣时的切削力,分析了铣削力、立铣刀挠度对精度的影响,推荐了Ti-1023钛合金立铣(铣周边、铣槽)的切削参数。     

薄壁件周铣切削力建模与表面误差预测方法研究

薄壁件加工变形是影响加工精度与质量的关键因素,而切削力建模则是预测表面加工误差的基础。针对两种典型的切削力模型,系统地研究了薄壁件周铣加工过程中切削力变化及表面变形误差分布的有限元计算方法,提出了基于三维非规则网格的刀具/工件变形的耦合迭代格式以及恒定网格下材料去除效应的变刚度处理方法等关键技术,仿真过程充分考虑了切屑厚度变化及不同切削参数对预测结果的影响。以典型钛合金航空材料构件为例,数值计算结果与实验参考数据比较表明,两种切削力模型对同一切削过程的预测均具有很好的一致性。     

单点金刚石铣削KDP晶体实验研究

通过实验研究了KDP晶体铣削加工的切削力特性,分析了切削深度、进给量对切削力的影响,并对KDP晶体和铝合金的切削力进行了比较。结果表明,在不影响加工表面质量的前提下,可以适当加大切削深度和进给量从而提高切削效率。     

刀具偏心跳动下侧铣硬脆材料的瞬时铣削力模型

以侧铣可加工微晶陶瓷为对象,建立了瞬时整体铣削力模型,研究了刀具偏心跳动状态下立铣刀侧刃铣削瞬时铣削力。通过铣削刀具与工件的次摆线运动,获得了其瞬时切削厚度、瞬时切削面积。通过线性搜索法确定了刀具偏心量和偏心角的最优解,利用一维搜索算法进行了瞬时铣削力作用点的精确求解,并以刀具偏心跳动状态下的瞬时转角予以表达。以Martellotti模型为基础,建立了新的瞬时铣削力模型。以最小二乘法进行了瞬时铣削力模型系数辨识。并从铣削力作用点（瞬时转角）视角,研究了瞬时铣削力的变化特性。铣削实验验证结果表明,铣削力模型预测值与实验值吻合程度较高,平均相对误差不超过8%,该瞬时铣削力模型具有较高的预测精度。     

基于经验公式的铣削加工切削力建模研究现状与展望

铣削加工技术是加工航空航天中薄壁件及复杂曲面零件的关键技术之一,可以实现复杂曲面零件高精度、高质量及高效率成形。作为铣削加工的重要现象之一,切削力直接影响刀具的磨损、变形,以及工件的加工效率和质量,为了能够更好地利用切削技术,有必要对切削力的预测进行回顾分析研究。作为铣削力预测技术的关键手段,基于经验的铣削力模型被广泛应用。因此,本研究总结分析了当前关于基于经验的切削力预测技术,综述了切削力系数、未变形切屑厚度、刀具跳动和变形对切削力的影响规律,以期对切削加工质量提供有益参考,最后对该领域未来研究的方向进行了思考。     

C/SiC复合材料螺旋铣削与钻削制孔效果对比

采用PCD刀具对C/SiC复合材料螺旋铣削与钻削制孔的制孔效果进行了对比研究。在同等加工效率条件下测量了两种制孔方法产生的切削力及切削热,并观察制孔质量。试验结果表明:螺旋铣孔产生的轴向力小于钻孔,约为钻孔的56.9%;孔壁粗糙度及孔径差均小于钻削;钻孔产生的切削热少于螺旋铣削制孔,约占螺旋铣的58.7%,但螺旋铣产生的切削热对材料及刀具的影响小。     

CFRP铣削有限元模型建立及切削力仿真分析

为探索碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)铣削加工过程中切削力与工艺参数之间的映射关系,建立CFRP铣削加工有限元仿真模型并对切削力进行分析。基于ABAQUS软件通过定义材料属性、材料失效模型、纤维铺层数和纤维方向建立了CFRP铣削加工二维有限元仿真模型,并对该模型进行了实验验证。基于该模型,分析了切削力与纤维方向角、铣削速度、每齿进给量和刀具前角等工艺参数之间的映射关系。仿真结果表明:纤维方向角从0°增大到90°,切削力呈现降低趋势,而纤维方向角从90°增大到180°,切削力呈现增大趋势。随着切削速度和每齿进给量的增大,切削力随之增大,而随着刀具前角增大,切削力随之减小。     

Cutting force prediction for circular end milling process

A deduced cutting force prediction model for circular end milling process is presented in this paper. Traditional researches on cutting force model usually focus on linear milling process which does not meet other cutting conditions, especially for circular milling process. This paper presents an improved cutting force model for circular end milling process based on the typical linear milling force model. The curvature effects of tool path on chip thickness as well as entry and exit angles are analyzed, and the cutting force model of linear milling process is then corrected to fit circular end milling processes. Instantaneous cutting forces during circular end milling process are predicted according to the proposed model. The deduced cutting force model can be used for both linear and circular end milling processes. Finally, circular end milling experiments with constant and variable radial depth were carried out to verify the availability of the proposed method. Experiment results show that measured results and simulated results corresponds well with each other.     

基于SVR和NSGA-II的钛合金铣削参数多目标优化

对钛合金材料Ti6Al4V铣削加工进行有限元数值计算,结合试验设计方法构建了基于支持向量回归机（SVR）的铣削力预测模型,以材料去除率和刀具寿命为优化目标,提出一种基于支持向量回归机和带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-II）的优化方法。结果表明,该方法能够获得满意的Pareto解集,为钛合金铣削参数优化提供一种新的方法,具有良好的推广价值。     

Prediction of cutting forces in flank milling of parts with non-developable ruled surfaces

Predicting the cutting forces required for five-axis flank milling is a challenging task due to the difficulties involved in determining the Undeformed Chip Thickness(UCT) and CutterWorkpiece Engagement(CWE). To solve these problems, this paper presents a new mechanistic cutting force model based on the geometrical analysis of a flank milling process. In the model,the part feature and corresponding cutting location data are taken as input information. The UCT considering cutter runout is calculated according to the instantaneous feed rate of the element cutting edges. A solid-discrete-based method is used to precisely and efficiently identify the CWE between the end mill and the surface being machined. Then, after calibrating the specific force coef-ficients, the mechanistic milling force can be obtained. During the validation process, two practical operations, three-axis flank milling of a vertical surface and five-axis flank milling of a nondevelopable ruled surface, are conducted. Comparisons between predicted and measured cutting forces demonstrate the reliability of the proposed cutting force model.     

切深对椭圆超声振动切削机理的影响

以椭圆超声振动切削为研究对象,通过理论分析,有限元仿真和切削实验,研究了切深变量对其切削过程中机理的影响。指出在微小的切深条件下,刀尖钝圆影响不可忽略,其切削过程表现出微细切削特性。一方面,基于微细切削理论,建立了正交椭圆超声振动切削运动学和力学模型,将切削区分为后刀面回弹区、刀尖犁切区、刀尖剪切区和前刀面摩擦区四个区域,并依次对四个区域内不同切深条件下各个切削分力进行计算分析。另一方面,对切削过程进行有限元仿真和切削实验。其结果表明:当切深小于最小切削厚度时,切削过程主要为刀具后刀面的回弹挤压与摩擦和刀尖钝圆的犁切作用,不产生切屑,切深抗力大于主切削力;当切深大于最小切削厚度并逐渐增大时,刀尖剪切和切屑与前刀面的挤压与摩擦作用逐渐凸显并成为主要切削方式,此时主切削力逐渐超过切深抗力并迅速增大。     

机器人旋转超声铣削铝合金铣削力实验研究

基于KUKA工业机器人开展旋转超声铣削2A12铝合金实验,研究两种铣削方式切削点运动轨迹,为进一步研究铣削力奠定了基础。并分析旋转超声铣削(RUM)实验和普通铣削(CM)主轴转速、进给速度、径向切宽、轴向切深和超声电流对铣削力的影响规律。结果表明旋转超声铣削与普通铣削相比铣削力明显降低。     

Mechanistic identification of cutting force coefficients in bull-nose milling process

An improved method to determine cutting force coefficients for bull-nose cutters is proposed based on the semi-mechanistic cutting force model. Due to variations of cutting speed along the tool axis in bull-nose milling, they affect coefficients significantly and may bring remarkable discrepancies in the prediction of cutting forces. Firstly, the bull-nose cutter is regarded as a finite number of axial discs piled up along the tool axis, and the rigid cutting force model is exerted. Then through discretization along cutting edges, the cutting force related to each element is recalculated, which equals to differential force value between the current and previous elements. In addition, coefficient identification adopts the cubic polynomial fitting method with the slice elevation as its horizontal axis. By calculating relations of cutting speed and cutting depth, the influences of speed variations on cutting force can be derived. Thereby, several tests are conducted to calibrate the coefficients using the improved method, which are applied to later force predictions. Eventually, experimental evaluations are discussed to verify the effectiveness. Compared to the conventional method, the results are more accurate and show satisfactory consistency with the simulations. For further applications, the method is instructive to predict the cutting forces in bull-nose milling with lead or tilt angles and can be extended to the selection of cutting parameters.     

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

立铣切削力分类研究及精确铣削力模型的建立

 提出了一种根据切削力变化曲线的形状特征精确建立铣削力预测模型的方法。以立铣加工过程为研究对象，基于静力模型，研究铣削力的变化规律和切削用量的关系，总结了6种不同切深组合下的铣削力类型并分别给出理论的切削力随刀具旋转的变化曲线图，基于切削力交叠程度又将切削力细分为10类。在此基础上通过定义切削力分析指标，得到了基于切削力曲线形状特征的实际切深的计算方法。根据理论分析结果，提出在不同切深组合下分别建立铣削力模型的观点，实际切深的应用使得模型更加精确,更重要的是根据该切削力分类来组织试验，针对性加强，试验数据更可信。通过合理安排试验，验证了该理论的正确性。