雄鹰之心——纵论中国的军用航空发动机

<正>2014年珠海航展上,中国航空工业实力得到一次完美展示。"八一"飞行表演队的精彩表演为歼10战机做了一次完美的展示;脱胎于苏-27战机的歼11系列战机早已成为中国海空主力机型;由中航工业自主研发的"鹘鹰"战机则是首架在南中国天空翱翔的第四代隐身战机;而运20运输机、C919客机的霸气出场则宣告中国再次冲击大飞机工业终于结出硕果……     

歼8Ⅱ型飞机翼身组合体疲劳试验技术通过评审

1991年9月15～18日在沈阳飞机研究所召开了“歼8Ⅱ型飞机翼身组合体疲劳试验技术评审会”。由空军工程部可靠性办公室主持,来自航空航天部和空军的专家、学者共29人。 歼8Ⅱ型飞机翼身组合体疲劳试验是歼8系列飞机疲劳定寿的一项关键性试验项目。它将为歼8系列各型飞机机体结构的使用寿命提供试验依据;通过这项试验将进一步确定     

机载设备的总体布局与结构设计

本文是我从1956年至1964年间参加苏制飞机仿制、歼教一型飞机设计和美制F-86、F-4B飞机分析的总结,现结合歼八系列飞机的设计实践,作为科技讲座出版。 全篇共分6章,重点是第二章:设备舱的形式;第三章:设备安装形式分类与设计,对各     

数字化检验在飞机综合航电系统中的应用

针对以某型飞机为代表的三代机平台,实施航电系统集成模式下数字化检验工作的深入研究。系统地总结了三代机航电系统集成检验的内容、方法和工作流程,结合某型飞机航电系统集成数字化检验,提出了构建三代机航电系统集成数字化检验标准的框架结构,为实现航电系统集成数字化检验标准和手段的发展提供了一个新的理念和经验。     

“五化”设计助“山鹰”高飞

当第二代改型机和第三代战机成为中国空军的主要作战装备时,贵航集团基于第二代歼击机设计的歼教-7飞机已无法满足训练需求,迫切需要一种能够适应主战装备改装训练、过渡训练的新型高级教练机来担当重任.为此,贵航集团启动了"山鹰"飞机的研制.     

部分三代战机“迎角悬挂”现象的机理分析与仿真计算

参考有关风洞试验结果,探讨了部分三代战机"迎角悬挂"现象的机理,对比分析了不同机型"迎角悬挂"的特点。并以某型三代战机为例,根据其纵向气动和操稳特性曲线及飞控系统特性,利用时域动态响应的方法,仿真计算了该型机大迎角下"迎角悬挂"的有关现象,计算结果与其技术资料的叙述相符。分析与计算表明,大迎角下"迎角悬挂"现象,是由该类型三代战机气动布局决定的一个共性问题;同时,"迎角悬挂"现象的特点又与具体机型的气动布局特点以及重心位置等因素有关。     

某型飞机横航向飞行品质研究

在分析横航向飞行品质评估准则和方法的基础上,利用等效系统法对某型先进战斗机进行了横航向等效系统拟配,在时域、频域内验证了拟配结果。按照美军现行的MIL-STD-1797A规范对该型飞机横航向飞行品质做出了评估,重点分析了操纵系统中反馈通道对横航向飞行品质的影响。研究结果对带电传操纵系统的第三代飞机的作战使用与飞行品质潜能的发挥有一定的参考价值。     

飞机内部腐蚀关键部位加速试验环境谱研究

为进行飞机结构日历寿命体系评定,针对某型飞机机体结构内部腐蚀关键部位,对其加速腐蚀试验环境谱进行了研究。提出了适用于内部结构腐蚀关键部位的加速腐蚀试验环境谱,并进行了加速腐蚀试验,采用腐蚀程度对比法确定了加速腐蚀试验环境谱与实际飞机使用环境之间的当量关系,并已成功地将其应用到歼X型飞机机体结构的日历寿命评定中。     

某型飞机机翼防冰系统计算分析

主要针对某型飞机机翼的热气防冰系统计算分析,得到水滴直径变化对撞击极限的影响,飞行马赫数变化对机翼表面换热系数的影响,分析了不同飞行高度湿表面和干表面的温度分布.结果表明水滴撞击区随着水滴直径增加而增大;机翼表面的换热系数随飞行马赫数的增加而增加;在相同计算条件下,干表面温度比湿表面温度要高.对多个典型截面以及其在不同飞行状态的计算结果表明,在给定的计算条件下,4km及7km时防冰系统工作都是有效的,7km时表面部分位置湿表面温度低于0℃.      

国产军用教练机的机遇和挑战

编者按:当前国际教练机市场十分看好.各国空军上世纪七八十年代装备的高级教练机面临退役,第三代或三代半战斗机逐步在各国空军机队构成中成为主流,对新型高级教练机的需求向市场发出了颇具诱惑力的呼唤.为此,各国航空企业纷纷推出新型高级教练机.国产军用教练机市场前景同样看好.我国空军目前装备的初级、中级、高级教练机分别为初教6、JL8和歼教7.空军正在换装第三代战斗机,而作为第二代战斗机的同型教练机,歼教7很难承担新时期通用高级教练机的任务,且第三代战斗机均有其双座型可作为教练机使用,歼教7已无法满足空军的要求.因此,研制一种通用的高级教练机来满足新时期空军飞行训练的需求,成为中国航空工业企业十分关注的商机.为此,贵州航空工业集团公司和洪都航空工业集团公司,分别发展了两款高级教练机,即JL9"山鹰"和L15"飞狮,拉开了中国航空整机产品市场竞争的帷幕,同时也是中国航空企业全面走向市场经济的重要一步.     

ASPS-American suborbital passenger system 2005

With the evaporation of funding support for the National Aero Space Plane (NASP), realization of a single stage to orbit night system has been deferred. With the resource down sizing of the NASP management and technical team, development of the NASP concept appears to be delayed beyond the year 2030. To fill this gap for shorter flight times to remote destinations over 8,000 km, it is now proposed to convert the existing NASA shuttle to a passenger configuration and air launch horizontally from a Boeing 747 aircraft as the first stage carrier after climb to launch altitude. This US Shuttle concept may permit the transport of 100 passengers to destinations 10,000 km distant during a flight duration of 90 minutes, and during flight durations of about 120 minutes to any commercial destination on the planet Earth. This long distance system takes advantage of the existing shuttle and Boeing 747 airframe and propulsion technology, and can be implemented within the next decade     

弹性飞机纵向稳定性分析

本文讨论弹性飞机的纵向稳定性问题。包括带与不带飞行控制系统两种情况。文中通过算例,分析讨论弹性飞机的总体运动模态和弹性运动振型之间的藕合以及弹性飞机本身和飞行控制系统之间的耦合。分析与计算表明,带有飞行的控制系统的飞机,其结构弹性变形运动对纵向稳定性的影响,即使对于算例中的“小”飞机,也是不可忽视的。飞机的弹性影响,不但会降低飞机的飞行品质,有时还会引起飞机与系统之间的耦合不稳定。     

无人机飞行有效载荷计算与载荷平台研究

飞行载荷计算及载荷平台开发是无人机设计研发的重要步骤,准确的载荷计算能够确保机体结构承载与传力合理,实现无人机机体轻量化的设计目标。提出一种考虑惯性载荷的飞行载荷计算方法,基于流体网格计算单元对单元内飞行载荷算法进行研究,并根据该算法编写和开发无人机载荷平台,通过算例分析并结合部分数据进行验证。结果表明：本文提出的计算方法和载荷平台处理数据正确,开发的平台实用且已经成功运用于某型高速飞行器的设计过程。     

Optimal trends in Manoeuvre Load Control at subsonic and supersonic flight points for tailless delta wing aircraft

Manoeuvre Load Alleviation (MLA) is the concept of redistribution of forces and moments on airframe through optimal actuation of control surfaces. The effect is to minimise the stresses near wing root and improve fatigue life of airframe components, such as, the frequently studied wing root fitting connecting wing to the fuselage. The configuration is a typical tailless delta wing aircraft having inboard and outboard Elevons (a combination of Elevator and Aileron) placed symmetrically on starboard and port side. The problem is formulated as minimisation of independent conflicting multiple objectives of wing root bending and twisting moments, with stability equations as equality constraints and actuator hinge moments as inequality constraints. Hybrid method is used as optimisation technique, which is evolved from the combination of heuristic based Elitist non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and calculus based Goal Programming methods. The primary objective of this paper is to bring out the structural benefits attainable for some of the combined critical manoeuvre load cases at subsonic and supersonic flight points. The combined critical manoeuvre load cases demarcate the limit to which airframe is loaded. The minimisation achieved is better for flight points at supersonic as compared to subsonic Mach numbers.     

民机机体噪声及其降噪研究

分析了机体噪声源的主要机理及其基本性质。机体噪声由绕起落架装置和高升力系统的流动引起的压强脉动产生。起落架和前缘缝翼产生的基本上是宽频噪声,它们和襟翼的宽频噪声的强度分别随速度的6次方、4.5次方和5次方变化。实际飞行中还应注意存在的"寄生"噪声。此外,较为详尽地讨论了包括QTD II、RAIN、SILENCE(R)和TIMPAN等降噪措施在内的研究项目及其可获得的效果,还讨论了噪声的计算方法,介绍了国外航空界提出的未来民机需降噪的目标,表明民机设计面临降噪的巨大挑战。     

A型飞机机翼主梁结构的使用寿命研究

确定A型飞机机翼主梁结构的使用寿命，是保证A型飞机使用安全的关系。通过对全机第一关键危险部位-机翼主梁下凸缘第2螺栓孔部位的寿命估算、模拟件疲劳对比试验、模拟件耐久性试验，全机疲劳试验，经过综合分析研究，得到A型飞机机翼主梁结构的使用寿命满足3000飞行小时的结合。这一结论为全机使用寿命的确定奠定了基础。而全机使用寿命的确定是A型飞机生产定型的重要依据，也是对现役A型飞机进行维护及大修的重要依据。     

Reconstructed Flight Control Sensor Signals Via Luenberger Observers

The feasibility of providing flight control systems with software-managed redundancy is investigated. It is shown that sufficient information can be extracted from aircraft attitude sensors to allow analytic reconstruction of the stability augmentation system (SAS) sensor signals in the event of SAS sensor failures. The sensor signal reconstruction is performed in a deterministic setting by using a Luenberger observer. A simple and efficient design procedure is presented based on Gopinath's [1] work. As an illustrative example, the proposed sensor signal reconstruction technique is exercised on the L-1011 aircraft lateral axis rigid body simulation. It is shown that with an accurate airframe model perfect reconstruction is feasible. In addition, it is also shown via simulation results that with imperfect knowledge of the airframe model (based on standard wind tunnel data), the proposed reconstruction is accurate enough to have a negligible impact on the overall aircraft performance.     

A review of out-of-ground-effect propulsion-induced interference on STOVL aircraft

This paper provides a review of the out-of-ground-effect propulsion-induced interference on the aerodynamics of jet-lift short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft. Two main flight regimes are discussed; hover and transition wherein the main fluid dynamics phenomena that cause the interference are presented. Where possible, an engineering assessment is made of the effect of jet and/or airframe configuration parameters on the observed interference effects.     

Switched Ethernet testing for avionics applications

Switched Ethernet is being implemented as an avionics communication architecture. A commercial standard (ARINC-664) and an aircraft vendor-specific implementation known as avionics full duplex switched Ethernet (AFDX) have been developed that defines the topology and use of switched Ethernet in an avionics application. In avionics applications, the movement of data between devices must take place in a deterministic fashion and must be delivered reliably. All aircraft flight hardware must be tested to be sure that it will communicate information properly in the switched Ethernet network. The airframe manufacture must test the integrated network to verify that all flight hardware is communicating properly. Testing and maintenance testing is required to perform data communication level testing of switched Ethernet architectures for avionics applications to insure that all communication is deterministic and reliable. This paper provides an overview of a switched Ethernet avionics network and identifies the testing challenges associated with a switched Ethernet avionics application. A practical implementation performing the required tests is discussed.