微重力环境下植物培养箱设计

基于空间微重力下植物的生物学效应及其微重力信号转导研究需要,在微重力条件下培养拟南芥,获得经微重力条件生长的拟南芥样品.在空间实验过程中实时采集、存储和传输植物样品的数字图像,并根据生物样品的生长周期对生物样品进行低温固定和储存,再由返回式卫星带回地面,开展微重力植物生物学效应研究.      

第四届微重力科学学术会议

第四届微重力科学学术会议于１９９９年９月２１－２４日在福建省厦门市举行．会议由微重力科学与应用专业委员会、中国科学院国家微重力实验室、攀登９５预－３４项目专家委员会、中国科技开发院（厦门）主办．会上宣读与交流论文１００篇．主要内容包括：微重力环境下基础物理研究，微重力流体物理，微重力燃烧和物理化学，空间材料科学，空间生物科学与技术，微重力实验及诊断技术等．充分展示了我国微重力科学与应用的最新研究成果．通过会议促进了微重力科学界不同领域学者之间的相互交流和讨论．除老一辈的科技工作者外，本次会议的一…     

落弹舱的微重力环境

本文首先建立了分析落弹舱运动的各种坐标系,给出了解算姿态运动参数的数学模型.然后根据落弹舱微重力加速度的物理背景,对其微重力环境进行了数学描述和物理解释,推导了舱内任意部位微重力加速度表达式,阐明影响微重力环境的主要因素是气动阻力和姿态角运动.最后分析和近似估算了落弹舱的微重力水平,给出了气动阻力对落弹舱微重力水平影响的数值计算结果:平流层气球在30km以上释放落弹舱,优于5×10-2g的微重力持续时间超过30秒.      

Wnt3a/β-catenin信号通路调节模拟微重力诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞增殖抑制

微重力环境对骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的增殖行为起着重要调节作用,但其中的分子机理尚不清楚.采用平行平板旋转培养装置模拟微重力效应,考察了模拟微重力效应下MSCs增殖行为的变化以及Wnt3a/β-catenin信号通路在该过程中的作用.结果发现,模拟微重力效应明显抑制MSCs的增殖行为,下调Wnt3a mRJNA的表达,降低细胞质中游离β-catenin,减少β-catenin向细胞核转移,抑制Cyclin D1的表达.结果表明,Wnt3a/β-catenin信号通路可能介导了微重力效应诱导的MSCs增殖抑制.     

大鼠后肢去负荷体位调节装置设计与实验研究

通过对大鼠尾吊模型进行改进，研制出一种新型可调节体位的大鼠后肢去负荷悬吊装置，研究模拟微重力效应下体液分布变化对大鼠骨代谢的影响.将36只SD大鼠均分为对照组（CON）、头低位后肢去负荷组（HDT）、水平位后肢去负荷组（HH）和头高位后肢去负荷组（HUT）4组，实验21天后，利用DXA检测大鼠的骨密度（BMD）.模拟微重力效应下的三组大鼠后肢均发生严重骨丢失，其中HH和HUT组后肢BMD显著大于HDT组.实验结果表明，体液分布变化可能在模拟微重力效应导致的骨丢失中起到重要作用，新型大鼠后肢去负荷悬吊装置能够调节大鼠体位（体液）进行模拟微重力效应研究.      

空间站微重力流体实验设备需求分析

对国际空间站和中国科学实验卫星及载人飞行器上开展的微重力流体实验情况进行论述和分析,重点分析了国际空间站（ISS）微重力流体科学实验设备情况.根据中国空间微重力流体物理科学发展需求,结合国际空间站微重力流体科学实验对设备的需求,提出了未来在中国空间站开展微重力流体实验时空间实验设备需要重点考虑和解决的问题,同时提出相关设计建议.      

微重力池沸腾传热研究

对利用中国返回式卫星搭载开展的两次微重力池沸腾空间实验及地基常重力和落塔短时微重力实验的结果进行了评述. 研究发现微重力时丝状加热器沸腾传热会略有强化, 而平板加热器则在高热流条件下明显恶化. 微重力时, 气泡脱落前存在沿加热面的横向运动, 加剧了相邻气泡间的合并, 合并气泡会在其表面振荡作用下从加热面脱落. Marangoni 效应对于微重力气泡行为有重要影响.      

第五届中-日微重力科学研讨会召开

由中国空间科学学会微重力科学与应用研究专业委员会和日本微重力科学与应用学会联合主办的第五届中日微重力科学讨论会于2002年9月3至6日在甘肃省敦煌市举行.中方和日方各有40余名代表参加了会议.会上双方各有3篇邀请报告,两个分会场的报告共64篇（双方各32篇）.其中微重力流体物理和燃烧研究方面的报告24篇,微重力材料科学和热物理性质研究方面报告23篇,生命科学和生物技术研究报告10篇,实验技术和设备研究报告6篇,微重力科学培训和技术方面1篇.除了报告近年来中日双方在微重力科学领域取得的新研究结果之外,中方报告了今年3月末4月初在“神舟3号”飞船上所进行的微重力科学实验的一些初步结果.日方报告了准备2005年升空的国际空间站日本     

微重力效应的物理解释及其应用

讨论了微重力效应及其分子物理学解释，万有引力的单极性决定了它的累积性和宏观性，重力对自由分子的影响是微科其微的，然而在流钵，特别是在液体内部的具体条件下，重力对流体内部分子集团产生明显影响，以宏观的静压强形式表现出来。而当重力变小，变微，流体内部的静压强也就趋于消失，由静压强产生的二级现象，如异相沉降或浮泛。同相的浮泛对流，液体自约束成球形，也就消失，这些就是微重力的一，二级物理效应，本文认为，Bossinesq近似对于流体而言实质上是线性热力学假设或近平衡态假设，可以用初始平衡态的物性参量表征临界点时的无量纳数，提出一种重力消失诱发非平衡态向平衡态蜕变的猜想，从文中导出的瑞利数Rα的表达式可以看出，重力加速度的消失，可以使瑞利数的值从远离平衡态的湍流蜕变到稳定流动的瑞利－贝纳对流胞，甚至是没有宏观流动的平衡态，最后，将本文给出的理论解释模型应用到空间材料加工所需微重力水平的估算、窨材料加工工艺的微重力利用准则和空间装置中气体自然对流传热状态模拟的低真空和微重力的互换性方面。     

第九届全国微重力科学学术会议

正第九届全国微重力科学学术会议于2015年11月9至13日在中国厦门市召开.本届会议由中国空间科学学会微重力科学与应用研究专业委员会(NSMSA),厦门大学材料学院,中国科学院力学研究所、物理研究所与中国空间科学学会联合主办.全国微重力科学大会是中国空间科学学会微重力专业委员会自1993年开始,每隔两     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.