国外SAR卫星电源系统分析与启示

介绍了国外合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星电源系统的特点,从SAR卫星成像模式多、峰值功率大、较大的载荷平台功率比以及脉冲功率工作等方面分析了其对电源系统设计的需求;介绍了欧洲和加拿大研制的Cosmo-Skymed卫星、TerraSAR-X卫星、Radarsat-2卫星、Sentinel-1卫星、EarthCARE卫星等的电源系统设计概况,对其电源系统拓扑、母线体制、太阳电池阵功率调节方式、锂离子蓄电池组配置等技术方案的特点进行了归纳总结,在此基础上提出了我国SAR卫星电源系统技术发展的建议。     

基于两种极值跟踪系统的星载电源智能化综合控制技术研究

提出了一种星载电源智能化综合控制系统,并讨论了其优、缺点和适用范围等。首先介绍了一种采用模糊自寻优智能控制原理,并具有参数自调整功能的太阳阵峰值功率跟踪系统,然后讨论总结了各种太阳帆板对日定向控制系统。在此基础上,通过对某小卫星的轨道参数分析,提出了一种基于两种极值跟踪的把输入输出功率调节合为一体来控制管理的星载电源智能化综合控制系统方案。系统由三大部分组成:太阳帆板、蓄电池组和一个智能控制器。智能控制器用星载计算机软件实现,可根据星上负载状况和蓄电池充电情况,以峰值功率跟踪系统为执行机构,配合智能化双轴太阳帆板跟踪系统,灵活地配置输出功率。采用的原理是以调节峰值功率跟踪系统的执行机构——脉宽调制开关调节器的占空比工作在规定范围内作为前提,计算太阳帆板在快变轴的方向上应转过的动态跟踪角度并带动伺服电机执行,同时由太阳敏感器监视跟踪状态。其中,讨论了其带来的优点和缺点,给出了具体实现的智能控制器方案和设计智能控制器采用的软件流程。总结了智能化综合电源控制系统的意义和适用范围。比较了它与其它电源控制系统在各方面的优劣。最后,对上述智能化综合控制方案进行了计算机仿真。     

一种小型SAR卫星电源系统设计

合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星电源系统具有大功率脉冲供电、响应速度快的特点。文章在分析小型SAR卫星用电需求和设计约束的基础上,提出了一种适应于小型SAR卫星的电源拓扑结构。电源系统采用复合母线体制,在低压不调节母线基础上生成一条全调节母线和一条高压不调节母线,利用全调节母线为平台负载设备供电,利用高压不调节母线为SAR载荷供电。电源系统为平台、SAR载荷分别配置能量型锂离子蓄电池组和功率型锂离子蓄电池组,有效保证卫星负载的不同用电需求。该电源系统方案可为我国后续小型大功率SAR卫星电源系统设计提供参考。     

卫星三端口DC-DC变换器技术综述

三端口DC-DC变换器可以同时将太阳电池阵和蓄电池组的功率统一变换到负载端。从外部端口看,电源控制器可以看作一个双输入、单输出的三端口DC-DC变换器,同时实现太阳电池阵调节、蓄电池组充放电控制,并保持负载端电压稳定。文章从三端口DC-DC变换器的拓扑结构、控制方法等方面进行调研,分析不同三端口DC-DC变换器的设计原理和特点,对其关键技术和适用性加以总结,提出电源控制器优化设计建议,可为实现卫星电源系统高功率密度、低成本设计提供参考。     

国外小天体探测器电源系统设计分析

介绍了日本隼鸟号(Hayabusa)、欧洲罗塞塔(Rosetta)、美国黎明号(Dawn)小天体探测器的电源系统设计概况,对电源系统拓扑、母线体制、太阳电池阵功率调节方式、锂离子蓄电池组配置等技术方案的特点进行归纳,总结了小天体探测器电源系统的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)拓扑、电能自主运行和管理等关键技术,分析了3种不同拓扑结构的MPPT,以及电能自主管理应具备的能力。最后,提出了我国小天体探测器电源系统技术发展的建议,包括优化MPPT功率调节方式、重视电能自主运行和管理的研究,同时开展电源系统轻小型化设计工作。     

FY-2C星电源分系统及其在轨性能

介绍了风云二号(FY-2)C气象卫星电源分系统的组成、技术指标和工作原理,以及太阳电池阵、Cd-Ni蓄电池组和电源控制设备等主要部件的设计和改进.遥测数据分析结果显示,C星太阳电池阵功率裕度优于设计要求,采用BSFR太阳电池对方阵工作温度影响不明显,地影轨道72 min地影蓄电池最大放电深度减小,涓流态第三极电性能信号与A,B星-致.在轨运行结果表明,C星电源分系统各部件状态良好,能满足任务要求.国内首次用于地球静止轨道空间电源工程的BSFR太阳电池方阵性能稳定,蓄电池组容量增大,简化了地影期卫星地面管理,改善卫星地影期环境工作温度;解决了A,B星进出影电源分系统自主转电时全调节母线电压的负冲.     

GEO卫星网状天线遮挡对太阳电池阵输出功率影响的分析及对策

大型网状天线已经在地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星中得到广泛应用,天线在轨展开后不可避免地会对太阳电池阵产生遮挡。文章分析了大型网状天线对太阳电池阵的遮挡,综合考虑遮挡对太阳电池电路特性、太阳电池阵有效面积和温度的影响,并进行了遮挡损失模拟试验。针对影响分析结果,提出了合理的应对策略,如太阳电池阵被遮挡后功率不足时由蓄电池组参与联合供电,可为电源系统功率设计提供参考。     

一种新型的充放电及分流一体化空间电源控制技术

为满足卫星轻量化需求,本文对一体化的空间电源调节技术进行了研究。采用一种新型的集蓄电池充放电与并联分流一体化功率拓扑结构和功率调节控制策略,可实现使用单一电路完成太阳阵分流、电池充电控制、电池放电调节三种功能。介绍了新型拓扑的工作模式、功率调节控制策略及其实现方法,通过Pspice软件进行了电路建模与原理仿真,结果证明此方法有效。     

高分三号卫星太阳电池阵设计与验证

通过分析高分三号(GF-3)卫星合成孔径雷达(SAR)载荷多模式的成像任务规划、大型展开式桁架构型设计、高低压双母线电源设计等特点,识别出LEO轨道静电放电对高压太阳电池阵设计的影响,卫星左侧视成像和右侧视成像下大型SAR天线遮挡及卫星8年长寿命期间电缆频繁扭转对传输性能的影响,提出了一种适用于复杂遮挡情况下高低压双母线电源系统的太阳电池阵设计思路,完成了太阳电池阵设计、遮挡仿真分析、静电放电试验、电缆扭转试验和在轨数据分析,验证了太阳电池阵设计的正确性,可以为中国后续大功率SAR卫星太阳电池阵设计提供参考。     

SAR卫星电源系统设计与仿真研究

根据SAR卫星有效载荷的脉冲、大功率工作等典型特点及对电源母线稳定度的较高要求,设计了单母线、不调节电源系统方案,建立了电源系统的仿真模型。针对不同负载情况,分别对SAR卫星处于光照区和地影区时,其脉冲大功率电源系统在恒功率负载、负载突减和负载突加的情况进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明此电源系统稳定,能够满足SAR卫星有效载荷的供电要求。     

嫦娥四号中继星供配电系统设计与应用（英文）

A 28 V-half-regulated power bus topology and an integrated PCDU(Power Conditioning and Distribution Unit) were adopted to meet the energy demand for the Chang'e 4 relay satellite. This paper first introduces the mission features and composition of the PSDS(Power Supply and Distribution System) for the Chang'e 4 relay satellite. Due to this satellite's unusual orbit, operational mode and project restrictions, special analysis and design was conducted on the PSDS from the perspective of weight-reduction, power management, and reliability and so on. Extreme low temperature storage of SA(Solar Array) was considered and how the antenna affects the SA was analyzed. A new kind of high-specific-energy 45 Ah(Ampere-hour) battery cell was used for the first time. To make sure that the satellite would successfully pass the long shadow zones, a 100% DOD(Depth of Discharge) experiment was carried out on the battery. Since the sunlight is almost always available and there are very few times for the battery to charge or discharge, battery care to extend its lifetime is also discussed. PCDU is a device that integrates power conditioning and power distribution in one unit. The PCDU on Chang'e 4 relay satellite can output more power with less weight because of the adoption of a 28 V-half-regulated power bus topology which was also used for the first time and used lighter material for its mechanical framework. Experiment under low temperature on PCDU was conducted as well and a hot backup equalizing charge technique which is beneficial to keep performance of the battery is illustrated. The power distribution module, which is a module of PCDU, enhances the power utilization security by utilizing a static impedance measurement and build-in-test to avoid possible short circuits. As for EED(Electrical Explosive Device) module, a protection plug was specially designed and three switches with different functions were connected in series to prevent the EED from exploding by error. In addition, the allowable minimum EED bus voltage for each EED was evaluated in case of low battery voltage caused by the possible postponement of the launching time. Complete verification experiments on the ground were conducted to confirm the correctness of the design and on-orbit test data conformed to the expected results and theoretical calculation. The power supply and distribution system has been working normally since the day the Chang'e 4 relay satellite was launched into space.     

太阳同步轨道卫星太阳电池阵在轨特性分析

卫星太阳电池阵的在轨特性主要受太阳入射角、地日距离因子、温度、星体遮挡、地球反照和衰减因素的影响。文章利用某太阳同步轨道卫星在轨数据,分析得出太阳电池阵输出功率的变化规律,并利用归一化处理方法,得出地球反照、星体遮挡、衰减因素对太阳电池阵输出功率的影响规律。文章的研究成果也适用于其他太阳同步轨道卫星,可为后续同类太阳电池阵的优化设计提供参考。     

创新一号微小卫星电源分系统

介绍了我国第一颗微小卫星创新一号(CX-1)电源分系统的性能、组成、工作原理,以及太阳电池阵、镉镍电池组和电源控制器等的设计和相应参数。分析了设计中采用的三域控制统一母线调节、高效三结砷化镓太阳电池发电和充电V-T曲线智能化控制管理等关键技术。飞行试验结果表明,CX-1卫星电源分系统的性能优良、工作可靠,达到了设计要求。     

倾斜轨道卫星能量平衡优化分析方法

倾斜轨道卫星的光照条件和外热流变化规律复杂,使得卫星负载功率和输入功率处于复杂动态变化之中,这给卫星能量平衡准确分析带来很大的困难。文章提出一种基于卫星能量动态关联模型的能量平衡优化分析方法,通过合理选择电源工作模式和准确定位卫星最恶劣能量平衡情况,实现电源系统合理配置,优化能量平衡分析流程。以某倾斜轨道卫星的能量平衡优化分析实践为例,应用该方法建立的能源动态关联模型,可以准确确定太阳电池阵输出能力和储能设备容量,减小电源系统质量和尺寸,由此表明该分析合理、可行。     

卫星电源系统短路暂态特性分析及对策

针对卫星电源系统短路故障导致母线电压跌落、业务中断甚至整星失效的问题,分别采用电路模型和数学模型的方法对短路后母线电压的暂态特性进行分析,指出故障持续过程经历母线电容放电、太阳电池阵动作、放电调节器动作、蓄电池经二极管直接供电这4个阶段,分析了各阶段母线电压的暂态响应及转换条件。随后,研究了发生稳态电压跌落的条件及其影响因素。针对航天器通常使用的快速熔断器保护,分析了母线电压跌落受熔断I~2T、短路通路阻抗、蓄电池内阻、蓄电池开路电压的影响程度。依据暂态特性的分析,提出接地优化方法以及蓄电池开路电压、短路通路阻抗和欠压保护点的配合设计方法,使得短路暂态过程母线电压跌落程度满足系统关键单机运行的需求。     

Design and implementation of the flight dynamics system for COMS satellite mission operations

The first Korean multi-mission geostationary Earth orbit satellite, Communications, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) was launched by an Ariane 5 launch vehicle in June 26, 2010. The COMS satellite has three payloads including Ka-band communications, Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, and Meteorological Imager. Although the COMS spacecraft bus is based on the Astrium Eurostar 3000 series, it has only one solar array to the south panel because all of the imaging sensors are located on the north panel. In order to maintain the spacecraft attitude with 5 wheels and 7 thrusters, COMS should perform twice a day wheel off-loading thruster firing operations, which affect on the satellite orbit. COMS flight dynamics system provides the general on-station functions such as orbit determination, orbit prediction, event prediction, station-keeping maneuver planning, station-relocation maneuver planning, and fuel accounting. All orbit related functions in flight dynamics system consider the orbital perturbations due to wheel off-loading operations. There are some specific flight dynamics functions to operate the spacecraft bus such as wheel off-loading management, oscillator updating management, and on-station attitude reacquisition management. In this paper, the design and implementation of the COMS flight dynamics system is presented. An object oriented analysis and design methodology is applied to the flight dynamics system design. Programming language C# within Microsoft .NET framework is used for the implementation of COMS flight dynamics system on Windows based personal computer.     

太阳同步轨道卫星太阳电池阵衰减因子研究

卫星太阳电池阵衰减因子主要由粒子辐照、紫外辐照、微流星体碰撞和冷热交变等衰减因子组成;由于空间环境极其复杂,仅用上述几种因子来描述太阳电池衰减规律并不全面。文章利用某太阳同步轨道卫星在轨6年的太阳电池阵输出功率数据,通过对在轨卫星太阳入射角、日地距离因子、太阳电池阵温度进行归一化计算,最终计算出太阳电池阵在卫星寿命过程...     

ERDSAT,a satellite concept for Earth observations with combined optical and microwave payload

The concept of a European remote sensing satellite (ERDSAT) launched by ARIANE is characterized by a model payload, consisting of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and an optical multispectral scanner with 9 channels, for land applications or coastal zone missions. The mission goal of ERDSAT is based on European user requrements where a strong need for optical and microwave sensor operation on board the same satellite in a simultaneous or sequential mode is expressed. A data collection system is included. The proposed spacecraft is three-axes-stabilized and has a Sun-synchronous, near polar circular orbit with 750 km altitude. The selected configuration separates payload module and bus module. A thermostable carbon fibre grating structure is the central framework of the satellite. Each major subsystem is housed in a separate compartment and can be integrated and tested individually. First mass estimates resulted in 450 kg for the payload and 880 kg for the bus. The maximum power needed is 1750 W (for 6 min three times a day), which will be provided by a 1330 W solar array and two batteries. A “low cost” model philosophy is defined; the time schedule envisages a program start in late 1980 and a launch possibility end of 1985.