Adaptive Integral-type Sliding Mode Control for Spacecraft Attitude Maneuvering Under Actuator Stuck Failures

A fault tolerant control (FTC) design technique against actuator stuck faults is investigated using integral-type sliding mode control (ISMC) with application to spacecraft attitude maneuvering control system. The principle of the proposed FTC scheme is to design an integral-type sliding mode attitude controller using on-line parameter adaptive updating law to compensate for the effects of stuck actuators. This adaptive law also provides both the estimates of the system parameters and external disturbances such that a prior knowledge of the spacecraft inertia or boundedness of disturbances is not required. Moreover, by including the integral feedback term, the designed controller can not only tolerate actuator stuck faults, but also compensate the disturbances with constant components. For the synthesis of controller, the fault time, patterns and values are unknown in advance, as motivated from a practical spacecraft control application. Complete stability and performance analysis are presented and illustrative simulation results of application to a spacecraft show that high precise attitude control with zero steady-error is successfully achieved using various scenarios of stuck failures in actuators.     

一种基于在线辨识和专家系统的飞行器智能姿态控制方法

针对未来战场形势对攻击型飞行器提出的大包线飞行、大不确定、主动容错控制问题,提出了一种基于在线辨识和专家系统的智能姿态控制方法。该方法通过在线估计飞行器的时域、频域关键参数,驱动专家系统实时计算并调整控制器参数;结合时域、频域辨识结果诊断、定位故障,实现故障隔离、控制策略调整。该方法综合了飞行器结构、气动试验数据和专家知识,通过在线辨识和估计丰富了专家系统推理计算所需信息,促进了专家系统的在线应用,是一种近期可实现的智能控制方法。仿真结果表明,采用该方法,姿态发散概率由无容错控制时的45%降低到容错控制时的0%,姿态控制任务完成率100%。     

航空发动机分布式控制系统动态输出反馈鲁棒H∞容错控制

针对存在网络诱导时延、外部干扰的航空发动机分布式控制系统,提出了执行机构发生部分失效故障时的输出反馈容错控制方法。对航空发动机分布式控制系统中网络诱导时延以及执行器部分失效问题进行量化说明,在此基础上,采用动态输出反馈控制器建立增广闭环系统。针对所建立的增广闭环系统,对H∞性能约束下的增广闭环系统稳定性进行分析,并利用线性矩阵不等式理论设计了输出反馈H∞容错控制器。仿真结果表明,当两个执行机构输出值分别为衰减80%和50%时,控制系统在所设计的控制器作用下均方渐进稳定,且具有H∞性能指标为0.63,同样在正向偏差故障条件下也具有很好的容错能力。      

基于布谷鸟搜索算法的一类变体飞行器容错控制

针对一类存在执行机构故障的分布式结构变体飞行器的控制分配问题,结合整数规划理论,提出一种基于布谷鸟搜索算法的容错控制方法。首先,设计虚拟控制指令,使得系统状态能够很好地跟踪参考模型;然后,将执行器概率性故障与饱和约束转换为整数规划问题中决策变量的约束,从而将执行器控制分配问题转化为一类整数规划问题;最后,采用改进的布谷鸟搜索算法进行求解,得到实际的执行器控制分配指令。仿真结果表明,在执行器存在概率性故障的情况下,该容错控制方法较无容错策略的情况能够有效提升系统的跟踪性能;与遗传算法相比,该算法得到的执行器控制分配结果更加精确。     

执行器故障的挠性航天器姿态滑模容错控制

针对挠性航天器执行器卡死与失效故障的姿态稳定控制问题,提出一种改进型滑模容错控制策略.与传统的滑模控制相比,该方法能削弱传统滑模控制中抖振现象对姿态控制精度的影响,且它采用自适应技术在线估计系统中的不确定参数,从而保证控制性能对外部干扰、不确定甚至时变转动惯量具有良好的鲁棒性.该控制器并不需要任何在线或离线的故障信息,...     

面向雷达天线平台的容错纠错策略及其FPGA实现

 针对雷达天线平台可能出现的传感器故障,提出了一种容错纠错策略。如果雷达天线平台周围的3条驱动腿中的某一个传感器发生故障,则可根据空间闭链机构约束,由其他正常工作驱动腿的传感器和中间从动腿的冗余传感器的测量值计算出故障传感器的应测值。推导了对应的位移传感器故障的容错重构算法,研究了基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的上述容错策略的硬件实现方法。通过引入坐标旋转数字计算（CORDIC）算法使得FPGA运算中只需进行基本的移位和加/减操作;设计了基于FPGA的循环高速流水线处理器结构,使得重构算法的在线计算速度大大提高。仿真模拟了突变型传感器故障,结果表明,所提容错纠错方案能有效地保证雷达天线平台运行的安全性和可靠性。     

Fault mode probability factor based fault-tolerant control for dissimilar redundant actuation system

This paper presents a Fault Mode Probability Factor (FMPF) based Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) strategy for multiple faults of Dissimilar Redundant Actuation System (DRAS) composed of Hydraulic Actuator (HA) and Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA). The long-term service and severe working conditions can result in multiple gradual faults which can ultimately degrade the system performance, resulting in the system model drift into the fault state characterized with parameter uncertainty. The paper proposes to address this problem by using the historical statistics of the multiple gradual faults and the proposed FMPF to amend the system model with parameter uncertainty. To balance the system model precision and computation time, a Moving Window (MW) method is used to determine the applied historical statistics. The FMPF based FTC strategy is developed for the amended system model where the system estimation and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) are updated at the end of system sampling period. The simulations of DRAS system subjected to multiple faults have been performed and the results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Accommodating controller malfunctions through fault tolerant control architecture

In previous work we have proposed a supervised globalized dual heuristic programming (GDHP) controller as a solution to the fault tolerant control (FTC) problem of nonlinear plants subject to abrupt and incipient faults capable of drastically modifying the system dynamics to maintain stability and performance. The neural network (NN) based adaptive critic controller presented the best choice for the flexibility and power necessary to accomplish the task, however no success guarantees can be made for the online training of neural weights for the unrestricted fault recovery problem. Built on the existing framework, we propose a novel supervisory system capable of detecting controller malfunctions before the stability of the plant is compromised. Furthermore, due to its ability to discern between controller malfunctions and faults within the plant, the proposed supervisor acts in a specific fashion in the event of a controller malfunction to provide new avenues with a greater probability of convergence using information from a dynamic model bank. The classification and distinction of controller malfunctions from the faults in the plant itself is achieved through an advanced decision logic based on three independent quality indexes. Proof-of-the-concept simulations over a nonlinear plant demonstrate the validity of the approach.     

航空发动机控制律容错重组设计

针对发动机数字电子控制系统中传感器易于出现故障的特点,以某型发动机为例,采用基于控制律容错重组方法在飞行包线内的不同点上设计出了发动机容错控制器。仿真结果表明：该控制器具有很好的容错能力,故障情况下系统的动态品质与正常情况下系统的动态品质具有良好的一致性。     

Fault tolerant attitude control of under-actuated spacecraft: Theory and experiment

This paper investigates fault tolerant attitude control theory and experiment for under-actuated spacecraft with one reaction wheel completely broken and two others suffering actuator faults of partial loss of effectiveness or bias. A non-smooth robust adaptive fault tolerant control law is proposed under the zero-momentum and input saturation conditions. It shows that the available reaction wheels need to produce sufficient control torque for the fault tolerance. Such a new control method is implemented in a semi-physical simulation system of an air-bearing platform. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in spacecraft practical engineering.     

Integrated active fault-tolerant control using IMM approach

An integrated fault detection, diagnosis, and reconfigurable control scheme based on interacting multiple model (IMM) approach is proposed. Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) is carried out using an IMM estimator. An eigenstructure assignment (EA) technique is used for reconfigurable feedback control law design. To achieve steady-state tracking, reconfigurable feedforward controllers are also synthesized using input weighting approach. The developed scheme can deal with not only actuator and sensor faults, but also failures in, system components. To achieve fast and reliable fault detection, diagnosis, and controller reconfiguration, new fault diagnosis and controller reconfiguration mechanisms have been developed by a suitable combination of the information provided by the mode probabilities from the IMM algorithm and an index related to the closed-loop system performance. The proposed approach is evaluated using an aircraft example, and excellent results have been obtained     

一种针对结构损伤的非线性容错飞行控制方法

飞机结构损伤会引起气动参数变化,进而影响系统的静稳定性和控制精度。针对具有多输入的非线性飞机模型,利用带有二阶命令滤波器的自适应反步控制方法在线估计飞机气动参数,补偿结构损伤导致的气动参数变化对控制系统的影响,以实现容错飞行控制功能;引入的命令滤波器可以避免反步控制中复杂的求导运算。从理论上分析证明了带有二阶命令滤波器的自适应反步控制的闭环系统稳定性,并给出了控制跟踪误差的理论上界和二阶命令滤波器频率参数选取的下界。通过一个大型客机垂直尾翼脱落场景的仿真实验,验证了所提容错控制方法的有效性。     

Sensor/actuator fault diagnosis based on statistical analysis of innovation sequence and Robust Kalman Filtering

In this paper, an approach to detect and isolate the aircraft sensor/actuator faults affecting the mean of the Kalman filter innovation sequence is presented. The effects of the sensor and actuator faults in the innovation process of the channels are investigated, and a decision approach to isolate the sensor and actuator faults is proposed. When a Kalman filter is used, the decision statistics change regardless of whether the fault is in the sensors or in the actuators, whilst when a Robust Kalman Filter (RKF) is used, it is easy to distinguish the sensor and actuator faults. A novel feature of this diagnostic method is that the innovation sequence based fault isolation algorithm has been presented and hence, the sensor/actuator fault detection and isolation problem has been solved. The categories (or classes) of the likely faults are not demanded. The statistical characteristics of the system are not required to be known after the fault has occurred. In the simulations, the longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft control system are considered, and the detection and isolation of pitch rate gyro faults and actuator faults affecting the mean of the innovation sequence are examined.     

基于自联想网络的发动机传感器解析余度技术

本文提出了一种基于自联想神经网络的传感器解析余度技术。在这种网络中,冗余传感器的信息被压缩、重组进入网络的第一部分,网络的第二部分将压缩信息恢复出来。基于数据融合原理,若一个传感器发生故障,其它传感器仍可提供足够的信息代替发生故障的传感器。理论分析和用于涡轴发动机的仿真结果表明,这种特殊结构的自联想网络具有良好的过滤噪声和故障信号的作用,特别适合于用作不易建模的复杂对象的传感器信号重构     

基于SPSO-SVR的融合航空发动机传感器故障诊断

针对航空发动机常见的传感器故障问题, 提出了一种利用改进的粒子群算法训练支持向量回归机, 并利用融合机制将其应用于传感器故障诊断.论述了用一簇支持向量回归机(SVR)预测器对传感器进行实时检测, 通过逻辑判断机制隔离故障传感器, 并且依据剩余的无故障传感器信息实现信号重构.以某型航空发动机传感器在其整个工作范围内受到的冲击、偏置和漂移故障为例, 验证了基于自协调粒子群优化支持向量回归机(SPSO-SVR)算法的融合诊断机制对传感器单一故障和多重故障具有较高的精度和计算效率.      

基于电流阈值的开关磁阻电机位置估计容错分析

在基于双电流阈值的位置估计基础上,提出了一种考虑电流传感器故障和估计误差补偿的位置估计容错技术。通过双电流阈值与脉冲电流峰值比较估计位置检索脉冲信号,利用开关磁阻电机相与相之间的独立性,利用正常相的电磁信息间接估计传感器故障相的转子位置信号。通过仿真计算得到转速对位置估计误差的影响,并提出了位置误差补偿措施。在一台12/8结构样机中进行了相关试验,试验结果表明,所提方法提高了无位置传感器技术的容错性,验证了该算法的正确性和可行性。     

有效性因子在卫星姿控系统集成故障诊断与容错控制中的应用

 研究了在轨卫星姿态控制系统(ACS)发生可修复性故障状况下的集成故障诊断与容错控制。考虑执行机构和敏感器分别或同时出现故障,相应地分别或同时在姿态动力学和运动学方程引入控制有效性因子和测量有效性因子,利用二级卡尔曼滤波算法求解其值,以说明系统的控制以及测量的有效程度。采用统计假设检验通过其幅值变化判断系统是否存在故障,当故障发生时,引入重构容错控制器对原控制器进行补偿控制。建立卫星闭环姿态控制系统对算法进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明该算法快速可靠,能够满足在轨卫星姿态控制系统故障状况下的性能要求。     

基于改进LS-SVM的航空发动机传感器故障诊断与自适应重构控制

提出了一种基于改进LS-SVM的航空发动机传感器故障诊断与自适应重构控制方法.该方法通过给误差变量赋予不同权值因子提高LS-SVM的鲁棒性,采用修剪算法提高LS-SVM的稀疏性;该方法从某涡扇发动机输入输出空间中建立其正常模型,采用阈值判别法对传感器故障进行实时监视与诊断,并用模型输出值代替故障传感器测量值反馈回闭环控制系统,实现对发动机的自适应重构控制.仿真结果表明,该方法能及时准确地定位故障,并进行有效的自适应重构控制.      

航天器自适应快速非奇异终端滑模容错控制

针对存在外部干扰、转动惯量矩阵不确定、控制器饱和以及执行器故障的航天器姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了基于自适应快速非奇异终端滑模的有限时间收敛控制方案。通过引入能够避免奇异点的具有有限时间收敛特性的快速非奇异终端滑模面,设计了满足多约束的有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制器,并利用参数自适应方法使控制器设计不依赖于系统惯量信息和外部干扰的上界。此外,所设计的控制器显式考虑了执行器输出力矩的饱和幅值特性,使航天器在饱和幅值的限制下完成姿态跟踪控制任务,并且无须进行在线故障估计。Lyapunov稳定性分析表明：在外部干扰、转动惯量矩阵不确定、控制器饱和以及执行器故障等约束条件下,所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的快速收敛性,而且对控制器饱和与执行器故障具有良好的容错性能。数值仿真校验了该控制器在姿态跟踪控制中的优良性能。     

Fault tolerant control system design with explicit consideration of performance degradation

A new approach is proposed for active fault tolerant control systems (FTCS), which allows one to explicitly incorporate allowable system performance degradation in the event of partial actuator fault in the design process. The method is based on model-following and command input management techniques. The degradation in dynamic performance is accounted for through a degraded reference model. A novel method for,selecting such a model is also presented. The degradation in steady-state performance is dealt with using a command input adjustment technique. When a fault is detected by the fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) scheme, the reconfigurable controller is designed automatically using an eigenstructure assignment algorithm in an explicit model-following framework so that the dynamics of the closed-loop system follow that of the degraded reference model. In the mean time, the command input is also adjusted automatically to prevent the actuators from saturation. The proposed method has been evaluated using the lateral dynamics of an F-8 aircraft against actuator faults subject to constraints on the magnitude of actuator inputs. Very encouraging results have been obtained.