带气弹稳定性约束的复合材料浆叶减振优化设计

研究以降低直升机旋翼激振力为目标的复合材料桨叶结构动力学减振优化设计 ,分析了桨叶结构特性及桨尖后掠角等参数对N次 /转旋翼桨毂振动载荷的影响。在建立的桨叶二维结构特性有限元分析方程中 ,计入了桨叶剖面翘曲变形的影响 ,并利用哈密尔顿原理推导了旋翼桨叶的一维非线性运动微分方程。以桨毂交变载荷为目标函数 ,直接以复合材料桨叶典型剖面构造节点数据、铺层设计参数和桨尖后掠角等为设计变量 ,引入桨叶挥舞惯量、固有频率和气弹稳定性约束 ,进行旋翼的动力学优化设计 ,并结合 3片桨叶旋翼的设计进行了算例分析 ,优化结果使 3次/转的桨毂载荷降低了 2 4 .9%～ 33%。     

基于参数化组件定义的复合材料旋翼桨叶结构优化设计

 为提高直升机复合材料旋翼桨叶结构设计效率,依据实际工程应用情况,提出了一种基于参数化组件定义的复合材料旋翼桨叶结构优化设计方法。以C型梁复合材料旋翼桨叶为研究对象,建立以精确的桨叶组件定义参数为设计变量的剖面优化和整体优化模型,通过桨叶的剖面优化确定出整体优化的初值,再由桨叶整体优化实现桨叶结构的最优设计。最后对某型主桨叶进行结构设计实例验证,结果表明该方法能够有效地实现直升机复合材料旋翼桨叶结构优化设计。     

复合材料参数化桨叶的动力学减振优化设计

为了进行桨叶动力学优化设计,建立面向工程设计的复合材料多闭室C型梁桨叶剖面参数化模型,实现了桨叶剖面气动外形、内部结构组件、复合材料铺层设计的参数化,并提出了一种保持C型梁纤维面积恒定的参数化设计方法.采用全局寻优能力较强的多种群遗传算法(MPGA),集成参数化设计模型与旋翼有限元气动弹性综合分析模型,通过桨叶各剖面结构组件的参数优化实现了旋翼动力学减振.算例给出了"海豚"直升机桨叶剖面特性实测值与参数化桨叶模型计算值的对比,整体误差不超过3%,并用该参数化模型对桨叶进行动力学减振优化,实现了旋翼加权优化振动载荷系数减小4.15%,经过优化后桨叶的配重位置更加分散,有利于缓解桨叶内部应力/应变突变;而且部分配重分配到桨尖,提高了旋翼的自转惯量,增加了旋翼自转下滑的安全性.     

反流区对复合高速直升机旋翼气动特性的影响

针对复合式直升机高前进比旋翼反流区严重的特点,建立了适合于高前进比旋翼气动特性的分析方法,以H-34旋翼为例计算了该旋翼在高前进比状态下的气动性能,并与已有的风洞试验数据进行对比验证.在此基础上,进一步分析了反流区对高前进比旋翼气动性能以及对桨叶剖面迎角、升力系数和阻力系数的影响.结果表明:反流区越大,对旋翼的气动性能...     

复合材料旋翼桨叶的结构优化与振动控制

 本文总结了复合材料旋翼浆叶结构动力优化设计的研究工作。运用有限元分析和数值优化技术,优化浆叶的质量和刚度布置,改善浆叶结构固有频率分布和动力特性,达到浆叶设计中的调频、减振和降低重量的目的,部分地实现了旋翼浆叶的计算机辅助设计。实例计算了“BO—105”和海豚两种复合材料旋翼浆叶。     

复合材料旋翼结构优化设计技术及立用

简单介绍了几种实用的直升机复合材料旋翼结构优化设计技术及其应用情况,并对相关优化技术研究和应用过程中应注意的问题进行了阐述,同时介绍了优化设计技术在复合材料旋翼结构设计中的应用前景.     

直升机桨叶连续后缘襟翼设计与气动影响分析

在直升机旋翼减振应用中,连续后缘襟翼和常规分离式襟翼相比具有重量轻、结构紧凑、气流平稳等优点。选用压电纤维复合材料作为驱动材料,基于NACA23012翼型设计带有连续变形后缘襟翼的桨叶段,对襟翼及其驱动结构进行选材设计分析;采用流固耦合方法分析连续后缘襟翼对剖面翼型气动特性的影响。结果表明:连续后缘襟翼在直升机桨叶工作迎角、马赫数范围内可实现有效偏转,显著改变翼剖面气动升力和力矩,证明了连续后缘襟翼在旋翼减振控制中的潜在应用价值。     

旋翼/机身组合模型试验台“地面共振”分析

介绍了旋翼 /机身组合模型试验台“地面共振”分析方法 ,给出了“地面共振”分析结果。为了满足旋翼 /机身组合模型试验台“地面共振”稳定性要求 ,应根据试验台不同的工作环境 ,对试验台进行相应的结构更改 ,以改变试验台的动特性 ,使之与旋翼模型相匹配。详细介绍了采用这一措施成功地解决×旋翼模型装在试验台上运转时的动力稳定性问题     

高速直升机旋翼反流区桨叶剖面翼型气动特性CFD分析

随着直升机飞行速度的提升,旋翼的反流区域逐渐增大。以某直升机旋翼模型为例,利用CFD方法对旋翼反流区桨叶不同剖面翼型的气动特性进行了分析,得到旋翼桨叶不同剖面翼型的气动力、压力系数和周围流场变化情况,对它们的流动机理进行了简单的探究。通过对比分析,得到了反流区桨叶剖面气动特性的一些规律。同时初步研究了翼型后缘钝化处理对改善反流特性的影响。     

旋翼/机身组合模型试验台“地面共振”分析

本文介绍了旋翼/机身组合模型试验台“地面共振”分析方法,给出了装上不同旋翼模型时的“地面共振”分析结果。为了满足旋翼/机身组合模型试验台“地面共振”稳定性要求,根据试验台不同的工作环境,应对试验台进行相应的结构更改,以改变试验台的动特性,使之与旋翼模型相匹配。本文详细介绍了采用这一措施成功地解决×旋翼模型在试验台上运转时的动力稳定性问题。     

面向设计的复合材料旋翼桨叶动力优化设计

提出一种面向设计的复合材料旋翼桨叶结构动力优化方法。采用典型剖面设计、变量连接、铺层变量连续化等方法,有效地处理了剖面内部形状、复合材料铺层、配重质量３类设计变量。在动力分析模型中考虑了剖面翘曲、耦合变形和陀螺力的影响,由三级数值计算模式实现固有频率灵敏度分析。约束条件包括了固有频率、结构重量、自转惯量等设计要求,优化求解采用基于序列二次规划的算法。上述方法真实反映了桨叶结构特征和实际工程设计要求。     

A fully automated framework for helicopter rotor blades design and analysis including aerodynamics,structure, and manufacturing

This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects (performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects (configuration visualiza-tion and manufacturing) are coupled and considered in one fully automated design optimization of rotor blades. A number of codes are developed to robustly perform estimation of helicopter config-uration from sizing, performance analysis, trim analysis, to rotor blades configuration representa-tion. These codes are then integrated with a two-dimensional airfoil analysis tool to fully design rotor blades configuration including rotor planform and airfoil shape for optimal aerodynamics in both hover and forward flights. A modular structure design methodology is developed for real-istic composite rotor blades with a sophisticated cross-sectional geometry. A D-spar cross-sectional structure is chosen as a baseline. The framework is able to analyze all realistic inner configurations including thicknesses of D-spar, skin, web, number and ply angles of layers of each composite part, and materials. A number of codes and commercial software (ANSYS, Gridgen, VABS, PreVABS, etc.) are implemented to automate the structural analysis from aerodynamic data processing to sec-tional properties and stress analysis. An integrated model for manufacturing cost estimation of composite rotor blades developed at the Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory (AADL), Aerospace Information Engineering Department, Konkuk University is integrated into the framework to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback to configuration design. The integration of three modules has constructed a framework where the size of a helicopter, aerodynamic performance analysis, structure analysis, and manufacturing cost estimation could be quickly investigated. All aspects of a rotor blade including planform, airfoil shape, and inner structure are considered in a multidisciplinary design optimization without an exception of critical configuration.     

Aeroelastic analysis and structural parametric design of composite rotor blade

Based on FEM theory, a method of dynamic analysis for hingeless rotors considering anisotropic composite materials is established. A parametric modeling method of composite blade with typical profile and high simulation degree for design is proposed. Through the finite element method, the profile characteristics of rotor blade can be obtained efficiently and accurately, and the synchronization of parametric design and finite element analysis of structural characteristics can be realized. Then a 23-degrees of freedom non-linear beam element is used to simulate the extended one-dimensional beam, thereby a non-linear differential equation describing the elastic motion of the rotor is established. To obtain the cross-sectional target characteristics of the blades, an inverse design method is proposed for cross-section components based on combinatorial optimization algorithm. The calculation and validation work show that the proposed model can effectively analyze the aeroelastic characteristics of general composite rotors. Further, the influence of cross-sectional parameters on the aeroelastic stability and hub loads of hingeless rotor is analyzed and some remarkable conclusions are obtained.     

Thermal–structure coupling analysis and multi-objective optimization of motor rotor in MSPMSM

With the high speed, the rotor of magnetically suspended permanent magnet synchronous motor(MSPMSM) suffers great thermal stress and mechanical stress resulting from the temperature rise problem caused by rotor losses, which leads to instability and inefficiency.In this paper, the mechanical–temperature field coupling analysis is conducted to analyze the relationship between the temperature field and structure, and multi-objective optimization of a rotor is performed to improve the design reliability and efficiency. Firstly, the temperature field is calculated by the 2 D finite element model of MSPMSM and the method of applying the 2 D temperature result to the 3 D finite element model of the motor rotor equivalently is proposed. Then the thermal–structure coupling analysis is processed through mathematic method and finite element method(FEM),in which the 3 D finite element model is established precisely in a way and approaches the practical operation state further. Moreover, the impact produced by the temperature and structure on the mechanical strength is analyzed in detail. Finally, the optimization mathematical model of the motor rotor is established with Sequential Quadratic Programming-NLPQL selected in the optimization scheme. Through optimization, the strength of the components in the motor rotor increases obviously and satisfies the design requirement, which to a great extend enhances the service life of the MSPMSM rotor.     

基于自由尾迹方法的复合材料无铰式旋翼气弹稳定性分析

基于有限元理论及自由尾迹方法,建立了一套适用于各向异性复合材料无铰式旋翼的气弹稳定性分析方法.为了模拟复合材料旋翼气弹特性,截面特性参数采用二维线性有限元方法分析得到,展向一维梁则采用考虑剪切变形的23自由度非线性梁单元模拟,并将自由尾迹分析模型用于计算旋翼非均匀诱导速度场,基于升力线模型构建了一个高效且较为精细的气动分析模块.在此基础上开展了无铰式旋翼气弹稳定性分析,算例计算及验证表明建立的模型能有效地用于复合材料旋翼非定常气动载荷预估及进行气弹稳定性分析.最后细致分析并获得了复合材料铺层角对无铰式旋翼气弹稳定性参数的影响规律,结果表明:算例在小拉力系数(0.0025)下,截面竖直铺层角在10°到25°会发生气弹稳定性问题,这在真实型号设计中应当注意避免.      

直升机复合材料国产化桨叶剖面特性的分析

由于国产复合材料性能较进口复合材料有较大变化,根据替代前后桨叶的动力学特性基本不变的原则对原桨叶结构进行了调整。采用薄壁梁横截面剪流相等的原理推导了桨叶扭转刚度的计算公式,基于挥舞刚度、摆振刚度、质量分布的定义得到了迭代公式。对某直升机替代前后桨叶的剖面特性进行了计算。结果表明：替代前后桨叶的扭转刚度、挥舞刚度、摆振刚度及单位长度质量分布完全一致,说明替代前后桨叶的剖面特性有很好的一致性。