地区公路网交通量分布仿真及规划

本文研究了地区公路网交通量分布仿真问题。通过“用户最优原理”,建立了模拟公路网上汽车交通量分布的非线性规划模型,并借助该模型研究了NT市公路网的现状、未来情况及多种建设方案实施后所引起的交通量分布的变化情况,据此提出了初步的规划方案。     

航空发动机研发能力建设项目后评价指标体系

针对航空发动机研发能力建设项目的具体特点并基于一个两阶段的过程,建立了一套航空发动机研发能力建设项目后评价指标体系.通过对一般项目后评价指标体系的分析以及专家访谈建立一个初选的后评价指标体系;在此基础上,以指标精炼性、数据可获得性和实践可行性为原则,对初选指标进行优选.优选过程中,采用基于李克特量表的专家调查法获得专家评分,随后通过群组决策最大特征根法对初选指标体系进行初步筛选,并进一步根据统计学方法进行评价指标相关性分析筛选和评价指标鉴别能力筛选,从而确定最终指标.     

基于STEP标准的材料选择信息模型研究

采用STEP标准,建立了支持产品全生命周期的材料选择信息模型,此模型以材料数据手册为依据,根据工程设计的实际需要给出材料的物理性能、力学性能、工艺性、材料价格等信息.并提出工程设计过程中不同设计阶段的材料选择方法:在方案设计阶段,根据经济、工作状况的分析选择关键件牌号、一般零件材料类型;在初步设计阶段,根据工艺性、工作环境、强度分析选择具体材料牌号;详细设计阶段对材料进行强度、工艺性分析验证.并提出了材料的工艺性评价和经济性评价方法.      

基于可诊断性约束的测点优化配置研究

为提高卫星的安全性和可靠性,适应在设计阶段对故障诊断进行考虑的需求,以动量轮为例,将故障可诊断性作为优化目标,提出基于DM分解技术的测点优化配置方法,并给出故障可诊断性评价的相关定义.分析动量轮模型和故障,建立动量轮的结构模型;采用DM技术对动量轮的结构模型进行分解,并分析动量轮模型的解析冗余关系;在对各故障的可检测性和可分离性进行分析的基础上,根据结构模型的偏序关系,获得使故障具有可检测性和可分离性的最小传感器集合;给出故障可诊断性评价的定义,并针对两种传感器配置情况,进行可诊断性分析.本文所提方法为设计阶段开展故障诊断的研究提供了借鉴和参考.     

基于DEA的研制阶段装备保障方案评价模型

针对目前研制阶段装备保障方案评价在角度和方法上的不足,提出基于数据包络分析(DEA,Data Envelopment Analysis)的评价模型.分析提炼保障系统的整体特性,建立保障系统的特性评价参数,构建基于数据包络分析的评价模型,通过计算保障方案的相对效率指数进行保障方案的评价,采用基于劣势前沿面的数据包络分析评价模型对多个有效保障方案进行二次评价,实现了保障方案的排序.结合研制阶段某型号军用飞机保障方案给出评价示例,从而验证了该模型的可行性和有效性,可为国防工业部门在研制阶段保障方案的评价上提供有效的决策支持.     

通货膨胀对投资项目经济评价的影响

以第二版《建设项目经济评价方法与参数》为依据，分析了通货膨胀对投资项目经济评价的影响，揭示了通货膨胀对项目经济评价影响的本质以及净观值，内部收益率和投资回收期随通货膨胀率而变动的趋势，提出了在投资项目经济评价中如何考虑通货膨胀对其影响的建议。     

面向高分辨率遥感影像的地形辐射校正方法

地形辐射校正对获取准确的地表定量遥感精度意义重大。针对传统地形辐射校正模型不适用于高分辨率遥感影像的问题,提出了一种基于辐射传输模型,同时严控误差源的地形辐射校正方法,以资源三号01星高分辨率全色及多光谱遥感影像为例进行相关实验,实现对高分辨率遥感影像的地形辐射校正,并进行了主客观分析与评价。分析结果表明:本文提出的地形辐射校正模型和方法,能有效解决全色遥感影像在绝对辐射定标系数缺失情况下校正效果差以及如何保持高分辨率遥感影像细节等难点,较传统方法更适用于高分辨率遥感影像。      

面向需求的通用弹药质量评价

为更好地发挥军事需求的牵引作用,将武器装备符合性质量观念提升到适用性质量观念,提高通用弹药质量水平,科学地评价通用弹药质量非常重要.分析了外军武器装备需求实现和现代质量观念,提出了面向需求的武器装备质量评价理念,论述了面向需求的武器装备质量评价的作用,研究并建立了面向需求的武器装备质量评价模型,评价模型贯彻了需求牵引的思想.通过对通用弹药的特点和基本需求分析,建立了科学的、系统的通用弹药质量评价指标体系.     

基于弹性的体系组件重要度及恢复策略

体系(SoS)在遭受内部或外部的干扰时性能会受到影响,体系结构作为体系设计和构建的基础,其弹性不仅是反映体系性能恢复能力的一个重要指标,更是体系演化性的重要体现。提出了一种基于弹性的体系结构评价方法,对体系的组件或系统进行重要度分析(CIMs)。首先,给出了体系结构弹性的明确定义并构建了相关的数学模型,综合权衡了性能损耗与恢复时间对体系组件重要度的影响;其次,通过分析不同的干扰事件和恢复策略,构建了基于重要度分析的体系弹性优化模型,并重点分析了其对体系性能恢复的影响;最后,以某体系结构的弹性评价为例,对本文提出的模型和方法进行了验证,优化后的恢复策略使体系性能的恢复效率有显著的提高。     

关于一种人-机闭环品质评价方法的分析

运用结构驾驶员模型研究人-机闭环系统,根据Hess建立的衡量任务完成难易程度的模型和驾驶员的评价函数,拟定了飞行品质的计算方法.针对2个被控对象模型进行了飞行品质的计算.分析了驾驶员剩余、系统输入、大气紊流以及驾驶员模型参数变化对驾驶员评价品质的影响,以便更透彻理解和揭示Hess提出的操纵品质评价指标的内涵,这对飞机设计应用具有实际意义.      

谈风险管理在航天器研制中的应用

风险管理是航天计划/项目管理的重要组成部分。在航天型号研制中，国际上都十分重视风险的管理，在型号研制工作中都制定风险管理计划，并已有一套系统的做法。文章介绍了在航天项目中风险管理的内容、要求和过程，并介绍了一些国际上应用的情况。     

卫星精密测定轨中的对流层延迟估算系统

基于V isual Basic编程,设计了卫星精密测定轨中的实时气象采集与对流层延迟估算系统。利用实时采集ZQZ-A型自动气象站的温度、相对湿度、大气压等气象要素,采用Saastamoinen模型进行估算天顶方向对流层静力延迟和湿延迟,同时采用地基双波段微波辐射计测量大气水汽总量和云液态水总量,进而估算更高精度的湿延迟,在其有效时与模型计算的静力延迟相加,得到天顶方向总延迟;无效时采用模型计算的总延迟。最后将其投影到卫星方向得到总延迟。实际应用表明,设计的对流层延迟估算系统人机界面友好,具有易用性,能实时、稳定地为卫星精密测定轨提供服务。     

The BepiColombo/MMO model payload and operation plan

The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) of Japan plans to contribute the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO) to the BepiColombo program, the ESA Cornerstone mission to the planet Mercury. The principal objective of the MMO is to study the magnetic field and magnetosphere of Mercury. The ISAS Mercury exploration working group has performed the definition study of the MMO mission in cooperation with the ESA/ESTEC BepiColombo project team. This paper briefly reviews the scientific objectives, and describes the model payload and its operation plan.     

Using sunshine for elementary space science education: A model for IHY scientist–teacher partnerships

An elementary science education professional development partnership between Culver City Unified School District teachers and UCLA has been formed. The project was designed to assist teachers to comfortably present introductory space science concepts, to support them in their efforts, and to aid them in encouraging their students to develop inquiry skills related to space sciences. The project encourages teacher use of observational science techniques in their classrooms, the use of NASA solar mission images and enhanced use of astronomical observation to facilitate discovery learning. The integrated approach of the project has fostered collegial learning activities among the participating teachers and offered them opportunities for continued renewal and professional development of teacher competencies in astronomy and space science. The activities used in the classroom were developed by others, classroom tested, and specifically address National Science Education and California Science Content Standards. These activities have been sustained through on-going collaboration between the scientist and the teachers, a summer Research Experience for Teachers program, and on-going, grade-specific, district-sponsored workshops. Assessment of the value of the program is done by the school district and is used to continuously improve each workshop and program component. Culver City (California) Unified School District is a small urban school district located on the Westside of Los Angeles. This paper describes the program and the plans for incorporating IHY-themed science into the classroom.     

Recent Development and Preliminary Results of Chinese Meridian Project

The Meridian Project is a ground-based network program to monitor solar-terrestrial space environment, which consists of a chain of 15 ground-based observatories located roughly along 120°E longitude and 30°N latitude. The Meridian project started in 2008, and its construction was completed by 2011. The integration and test phase of the Meridian Project conducted in 2011 demonstrated its observation capabilities as expected. The project will be in full operation in 2012. This report gives an overview of the recent development and preliminary results of the Meridian Project since 2010.      

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

The James Webb Space Telescope is a 6.5 m, infrared space telescope designed to be launched in 2013 aboard an Ariane 5. The JWST program is a cooperative program with the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) managing the project for NASA. The prime contractor for JWST is Northrop Grumman Space Technology (NGST). JWST’s international partners are the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). JWST will address four major science themes: end of the dark ages: first light and reionization; the assembly of galaxies, the birth of stars and protoplanetary systems; and the formation of planetary systems and the origins of life. We discuss the design of the observatory and review recent progress on the JWST program.     

高空模拟试验应急管理的Petri网建模及应用

针对我国高空模拟试验的应急管理,构建了一个应急管理工作流策略,并对这个策略进行了Petri网建模.这个模型主要包括应急停车程序和紧急停车程序.应急停车程序以保证被试发动机与试验设备的安全、同时兼顾快速停车为目标,所以主要由一些串行处理环节组成;而紧急停车程序则以快速停车为目标,所以以并行处理环节为主.模型的分析表明:模型具有可达性、合理性、自由选择性、良构性和S可覆盖性.根据这个模型,对某发动机在高空模拟试验时的应急管理进行了演练,获得了完成各个变迁需要的响应时间.分析这些时间数据,找到了在紧急停车程序的应急管理操作中影响整体应急响应时间的关键环节.同时发现,在应急停车程序中,可以根据应急事件的分级在保证发动机和试验设备的安全与应急响应时间之间找到一个折中,最大化应急管理的效果.应急程序的修改和应急培训有效地减少了关键环节的应急响应时间.     

基于数字样机的飞机研制项目监控技术

由于周期漫长、数据繁杂、并发事件多等特点,飞机研制项目需要高效的管理支撑环境.针对这种需求,提出了一种基于数字样机的项目监控方法.该方法首先在项目管理与产品数据管理集成模型的基础上创建一种面向项目监控的数字样机.通过将样机模型与任务信息进行绑定,实现多视图的项目监控环境.在进行样机模型可视化时,采用双层载入策略以降低系统显示负载.该方法以对数字样机的可视化与交互为基础,向项目管理人员提供一种支持多层面信息展示的项目监控界面,丰富了项目管理用户与企业信息间的交互方式.      

Microgravity effects on sea urchin fertilization and development.

Gravity has been a pervasive influence on all living systems and there is convincing evidence to suggest that it alters fertilization and embryogenesis in several developmental systems. Notwithstanding the global importance of gravity on development, it has only been recently possible to begin to design experiments which might directly investigate the specific effects of this vector. The goal of this research program is to explore and understand the effects of gravity on fertilization and early development using sea urchins as a model system. Sea urchin development has several advantages for this project including the feasibility of maintaining and manipulating these cells during spaceflight, the high percentage of normal fertilization and early development, and the abundant knowledge about molecular, biochemical, and cellular events during embryogenesis which permits detailed insights into the mechanism by which gravity might interfere with development. Furthermore, skeletal calcium is deposited into the embryonic spicules within a day of fertilization permitting studies of the effects of gravity on bone calcium deposition.     

Nuclear fragmentation of high-energy heavy-ion beams in water.

As a part of the physical-technical program of the heavy-ion therapy project at GSI we have investigated the nuclear fragmentation of high-energy ion beams delivered by the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS, using water as a tissue-equivalent target. For a direct comparison of fragmentation properties, beams of 10B, 12C, 14N, and 16O were produced simultaneously as secondary beams from a primary 18O beam and separated in flight by magnetic beam analysis. The Z-distributions of beam fragments produced in the water target were measured via energy loss in a large ionisation chamber and a scintillator telescope. From these data we obtained both total and partial charge-changing cross sections. In addition we have performed Bragg measurements using two parallel-plate ionization chambers and a water target of variable length. The detailed shape of the measured Bragg curves and the measured cross sections are in good agreement with model calculations based on semi-empirical formulae.