“资源三号”卫星在轨几何定标及精度评估

＂资源三号＂卫星是中国第一颗民用三线阵立体测图卫星,实现了中国民用高分辨率测绘卫星领域零的突破,对中国测绘事业的发展具有革命性意义,是中国卫星测绘发展史上一座新的里程碑。在轨几何定标是测绘卫星应用的一个重要环节,文章利用武汉大学在河南嵩山地区建设的几何定标场等基础设施实现了＂资源三号＂卫星的在轨几何定标,并对定标结果进行了试验验证。试验结果表明：基于高精度几何定标场几何定标后,＂资源三号＂卫星可以获得很好的无地面控制精度以及少量控制下的平面和高程精度,完全可以满足1︰50 000测图精度要求。     

我国遥感卫星系统发展进阶路径探讨

文章回顾了作为人造地球卫星重要分支的遥感卫星及其相关的遥感技术和遥感产业的国内外发展历程,结合未来技术发展趋势和我国新时代发展需求,分别针对高端卫星和商业卫星,探讨我国卫星遥感系统发展进阶路径,提出值得关注的重大技术方向,旨在为卫星系统规划、遥感载荷部署、卫星应用拓展等提供借鉴。     

测绘卫星技术总体发展和现状

测绘卫星作为高分辨率对地观测系统的基本组成部分,其传感器技术的发展与应用日新月异。文章分析和总结国际测绘卫星的技术特点及应用现状,并简要介绍中国的首颗民用立体测绘卫星———"资源三号"设计及地面应用情况。最后根据现阶段中国国内的发展需求,提出了中国未来测绘卫星及技术的发展方向。     

我国天基综合信息网构想

阐述了天基综合信息网的定义、组成和特征;介绍了美国和欧洲天基综合信息网的研究情况;提出了我国天基综合信息网的体系架构,其中包含通信卫星、导航卫星、遥感卫星、载人飞船等航天器和临近空间各种飞行器,以及地面系统。分析了该网络的特点和可用的网络协议结构;探讨了该网络的组网结构、网络协议、服务质量(QoS)路由、网络管理、网络安全防护、激光通信和星载处理交换等多项关键技术。依据国情,提出了我国天基综合信息网构想。此构想采用双层(地球静止轨道和低地球轨道)通信卫星星座和导航卫星星座,实现全球全时覆盖空间层航天器、临近空间层飞行器和地面层各种用户终端,通过星间链路、星地链路和地面线路组成一个空天地一体化的全球信息网络。在国外不设地球站的情况下,该网络可实现:国内测控站测控我国全球运行的卫星;国内遥感站实时接收我国全球遥感卫星发送的信息;国内关口站管理我国授权的全球用户站之间的互通信息。最后,提出了开展我国天基综合信息网的可行性研究建议。     

商业航天背景下卫星星座运营思考（英文）

With the advances of small satellite technology in commercial space sector, using small satellite networks to form a satellite constellation and conduct commercial operational services has entered into a vigorous phase of development. As small satellite technology develops, problems in the operations of small satellite constellations are also gradually emerging. These include ground measurement and operational control systems for small satellite constellations, the commercial operational mode, support and the guarantee of laws and regulations related to small satellites. This report discusses the development of commercial space small satellite operation industrialization, explores the small satellite operational modes and technological innovation, proposes the commercial space industry chain to build the industry ecology. At the same time, it looks forward to the integration of space and terrestrial communication. It also calls on relevant organizations of China to speed up the process of space legislation, formulate the relevant policies to encourage the operations of small satellites in commercial space sector, and push China's commercial space to a new level.     

The activities of ocean colour remote sensing in China

This article reviews the development of ocean colour remote sensing over the past decade in China. China launched its first remote sensing satellite FY-1A on 7 September 1988 and its second, FY-1B on 3 September 1990. Both of them had a Very High Resolution Scanning Radiometer (VHRSR) which involved two channels (0.48–0.53 and 0.53–0.58 u) for measuring ocean colour. A new polar orbiting satellite FY-1-02 was scheduled to be in orbit by 1998 with an improved VHRSR which has more (10) channels and is more sensitive for ocean colour remote sensing. The special programme of the ocean colour satellite HY-1 has been approved by the Chinese government, as has the planning of another new generation polar orbiting remote sensing satellite, FY-3. A type of sensor has been developed known as the Chinese Moderate Imaging spectroradiometer (CMODIS). Following its review, the article will describe the future activities of ocean colour remote sensing in China and explain their scientific goal.     

国外低轨物联网星座系统发展分析

随着地面移动通信系统的建设发展和移动互联网业务的爆发式增长,多样化的移动通信需求和应用场景不断涌现,传统的“人与人”之间的通信正在扩展向“人与物”、“物与物”的通信。物联网(internet of things, IoT)技术近年飞速发展,并已投入广泛建设和应用。卫星因其广域覆盖和抗毁性,比较适应于大区域数据采集和物联业务。近年来随着卫星通信技术能力的提升和产业链条的优化,商业航天蓬勃发展,天地一体成为趋势。天基物联网、天地融合物联网成为新的关注点。国际上近年来涌现出数十个天基物联网系统,部分已投入工程建设和应用,已在天基物联网的系统架构和体制设计上取得进展。针对卫星物联网技术发展和建设应用开展调研,对Orbcomm、Kepler、SpaceMobile、ELO等低轨星座物联网系统的建设规划、能力定位、系统架构、星座方案、通信技术、频率资源、市场应用等方面进行了全面分析,并对天基物联网星座系统的发展趋势和关键问题进行总结。     

WorldView系列卫星设计状态分析与启示

WorldView 系列卫星是目前世界商业卫星中分辨率较高的光学遥感卫星。文章从卫星总体设计角度介绍了WorldView 系列卫星技术指标,分析了卫星敏捷机动工作能力、构形布局设计、平台和载荷一体化设计和微振动抑制设计等,梳理出国外先进遥感卫星的发展趋势,以此为基础提出了对我国新一代光学遥感卫星的设计启示。     

Expanding global access to civilian and commercial remote sensing data: implications and policy issues

Current and planned developments in the field of civilian and commercial satellite imagery promise a major expansion in international accessibility to remote sensing data and technologies. This paper addresses the implications of the expanding global access to land remote sensing data and their derived products. While atmospheric, meteorological, and oceanographic data is also widely available at cost or free of charge, it is land remote sensing - specifically the unique systems with high-resolution and frequent revisit times - that are of primary concern for international and regional security issues. Military and intelligence satellites are not addressed in this discussion of expansion due to their inherently controlled access, unless such systems also provide commercially available imagery or products (as is the case with some Russian systems).     

Remote sensing in the information age

A large percentage of the public today perceives the majority of applications of Earth observation data from satellite and aircraft altitudes to be focused on the understanding and management of the renewable and non-renewable resources of the Earth and its environment. Originally conceived as a tool for gathering intelligence information, remote sensing has just fully emerged from its military womb to the public domain. Advances in the technology, a variety of indirect benefits that could be derived from space exploration, commercialization of remote sensing and the drive of the value-added companies - all of these hold promise for new opportunities for many other novel applications of Earth observation data and related information. In the advent of the more advanced, user-friendly, cost effective, and problem solving operations being championed by the private sector, particularly in the industrialized countries, it appears that the commercial future for remote sensing programmes and related information generated in the process is promising. This paper examines how the information age is influencing the metamorphosis of remote sensing technology particularly through international legal instruments and converging technologies. In spite of the progress attained to-date, of international concern is possible radio frequency interference between remote sensing satellite and communication satellite services. There is also a major knowledge gap between the providers of raw remote sensing data and the user community, particularly those interested in the new high-level information. A resolution of these issues will enhance the contributions of remote sensing to the information economy.     

星上遥感影像在轨处理进展研究

从星地数传、高时敏任务等对星上遥感影像在轨处理的需求出发,本文对美国、欧洲以及国内主要的星上遥感影像在轨处理进展进行了研究;以此为基础,结合星上遥感影像在轨处理框架与深度学习等智能处理技术,分析了高性能星上智能处理平台构建、基于深度学习的遥感影像在轨智能处理、多源遥感影像数据在轨融合处理、星地协同数据处理及在轨更新等星上遥感影像在轨处理关键技术;最后,对星上遥感影像在轨处理未来发展趋势进行了总结,为进一步提升遥感卫星在轨应用效能提供参考。     

卫星的防污染技术

在分析了国内外光学遥感卫星红外通道被水汽污染而失败的教训基础上，提出了光学遥感卫星必需全过程（从卫星设计、研制、发射至在轨运行）实施严格的防污染控制的设计思想和理论。系统地介绍了FY－1C星的防污染技术特点和经验。在轨运行表明，FY－1C所采取的一系列防污染措施是正确的。     

Information Service System for Receiving and Processing Multi Source Remote Sensing Images

Based on international requirements for the application of commercial remote sensing data,an information service system for receiving and processing multi source remote sensing data was developed and introduced.The system consists of an Oversea Fixed Ground Service Station(OFGS),a Transportable Vessel-Borne Service Station(TVBS) and a Data Operation and Management Center(DOMC).Fixed and transportable service stations were developed in Venezuela,Latin America and for the China's Xuelong polar research vessel respectively,and serve the function of remote sensing data receiving,processing and application.The DOMC connects the OFGS and TVBS,so that they constitute a network to provide receiving,distribution,retrieval,browsing,ordering,and downloading functions for multi remote sensing satellite data and products.It validates the competence in providing 40 kinds of typical application products.The development of this system provides a reliable and comprehensive service for commercial remote sensing data applications for users both in domestic and oversea markets.     

面向微纳卫星应用的激光数传技术

针对遥感微纳卫星对地高速数传需求,开展面向微纳卫星的激光数传技术研究,突破微纳卫星激光通信终端星地快速捕获建链和协同高精度稳定跟踪、天基终端轻小型化、复合光电组件等关键技术。完成微纳卫星的天基激光终端和地面激光终端研制,并开展星地传输试验验证,实现 1 230 km、10/50/100 Mbps 的星地数据传输,验证了相关技术,为后续我国微纳卫星对地遥感应用提供了理想的星地数传手段。     

遥感卫星平台与载荷一体化构型

随着遥感卫星制造技术的不断提高,高精度、高敏捷性、低成本遥感卫星的需求日益强烈。平台与载荷一体化设计是未来高精度、高敏捷性、低成本遥感卫星发展的重要方向之一,平台与载荷一体化构型设计是平台与载荷一体化遥感卫星的关键。目前已有多颗平台与载荷一体化构型的遥感卫星在轨飞行,中国尚处于起步阶段。文章分析了平台与载荷一体化设计的遥感卫星构型;从提高图像定位精度、降低卫星质量、降低建造成本等方面,分析了平台与载荷一体化构型的优势;对载荷设计需具有整星级优化理念、载荷需提供多种接口、平台与载荷间具有强耦合关系等一体化构型的特点进行了总结;给出了一体化构型的建议,如整星形状设计、主承力结构设计、大型部件布局等。     

我国极轨气象卫星的发展

介绍了我国极轨气象卫星的现况。提出了由风云三号(FY-3)上午星、下午星和降水测量卫星组成的我国极轨气象卫星对地观测网构想,给出了三种卫星的主要仪器性能指标。讨论了多载荷综合观测,利用微波波段实现全天候探测,提高光谱分辨率,提高空间分辨率,提高仪器的灵敏度、定标精度,发展无线电(GPS)掩星探测,以及发展主动遥感等极轨气象卫星发展趋势。对我国极轨气象卫星的发展给出了气象卫星向对地综合观测发展、遥感探测技术向"四高两全一多"发展、探测方式向主动与被动结合方向发展、遥感应用向高精度定量化发展、发展专用卫星或小卫星阵列等建议。分析了转动部件与太阳阵耦合抑制、高指向精度高稳定度姿态控制、高数据率数据传输、颤振对高光谱成像质量的影响分析及减振、主动微波及可见、红外、紫外谱段高精度地面及在轨定标等实现我国极轨气象卫星发展的关键技术。     

珠海一号高光谱卫星辐射精度真实性检验研究

“珠海一号（OHS）”高光谱商业遥感卫星数据在国民经济建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用。当前，针对商业遥感卫星数据质量精度的验证和评价研究成果较少。本文基于地面实测数据，对OHS卫星高光谱数据的辐射精度进行了真实性检验和定量分析。结果表明：OHS卫星表观辐亮度与实测结果具有较好的线性相关关系，相关系数R²大于0.7。与实测结果相比，OHS卫星各通道表观辐亮度值整体偏低，但两者光谱曲线形态基本一致。随着时间的推移，OHS传感器性能可能存在衰减，不同通道的衰减程度不一；在31个通道中，与实测值之间的相对差异在20%以内的通道数为9个；在20%~30%之间为14个，30%~40%为8个。     

我国航空航天遥感技术进展初探

本文主要介绍了我国遥感科学技术发展的现状，包括我国航天对地观测体系及国家级遥感卫星数据接收和服务系统，传感器数据获取技术，遥感影像数据处理技术，空间信息分析机理及技术等方面的进展和成果。     

光学遥感图像船只目标检测识别技术

船只目标检测识别技术是现阶段遥感图像研究领域的一个重要发展方向。随着国产高分辨率卫星的快速发展，高分遥感卫星陆续发射，基于光学遥感图像的船只检测识别技术会逐步成为研究热门。主要介绍了近年来基于光学图片的船只检测识别技术发展、以及当前技术存在的问题。当前基于深度学习的船只目标检测识别技术取得了较好的检测效果，成为主流研究方向，但在光学遥感图像船只检测领域基于深度学习的方法有一些基本问题限制了检测效果，对这些问题进行了归纳总结，并对未来光学遥感图像船只检测技术的发展进行了展望。     

卫星遥感数据的浏览查询技术

遥感卫星图像数据的预处理包括数据编目、存档管理、浏览查询和产品生产等部分。其中，浏览查询是向遥感数据的用户提供查询和检索卫星原始数据各级产品数据的手段，浏览查询系统的功能和性能直接影响到遥感数据的使用效率。本文介绍了新一代高码速率遥感卫星地面数据处理中浏览查询系统研制的主要技术。本文所研究的浏览查询技术已成功的运用到资源二号遥感卫星地面站的数据处理系统中。本文论述的数据处理技术将为其它遥感卫星地面数据处理系统的研制提供重要的帮助。