共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 10 毫秒
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A. Bruce Langdon 《Space Science Reviews》1985,42(1-2):67-83
Implicit time integration methods have been used extensively in numerical modelling of slowly varying phenomena in systems
that also support rapid variation. Examples include diffusion, hydrodynamics and reaction kinetics. This article discusses
implementation of implicit time integration in plasma codes of the “particle-in-cell” family, and the benefits to be gained. 相似文献
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Viktor K. Decyk 《Space Science Reviews》1985,42(1-2):113-130
One important type of problem for particle simulation of plasmas, is one which is bounded and has external sources and sinks.
For example, there are problems with antennas for studying RF heating or current drive in fusion plasmas, or problems in space
simulation where particles are injected at one boundary with some specified energy or momentum distribution. In understanding
such simulation results, it is useful to know how energy and momentum are flowing inside the plasma. This can be accomplished
in electrostatic particle simulations on the basis of some theorems for energy and momentum flow. An important application
of these theorems occurs when many waves are involved in producing some effect, e.g., generating a current by RF. One can
then extract the contribution of each wave to the effect to identify which are most important. Examples of such wave-particle
diagnostics will be given. 相似文献
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John M. Dawson 《Space Science Reviews》1985,42(1-2):187-208
Space plasma simulation is a subject which is in its infancy, but which is already having an important impact on space science. Its growth is being spurred onward by the continuing increase in capacity (speed and memory) of computers and by advances in the sophistication of numerical models. These advances are making it possible to simulate more realistic situations using more complex models. Already significant three-dimensional MHD calculations of the magnetosphere and its interaction with the solar wind have been carried out. In addition multi-dimensional particle simulations are illuminating many of the microscopic physics processes which go on (instabilities, saturation levels and wave nonlinearity, shock structure, etc.). Notwithstanding these advances, the surface has only been scratched; many challenges and opportunities are provided by simulation both for the space physicist and the model builders (also for computer designers). In MHD models more physics need to be included (Hall effect, gyroviscosity, accurate models of boundaries, how do we put microscopic physics effects into macroscopic codes, etc.). For model builders correct treatments of systems containing a large range of important space and time scales, magnetic field strengths, Alfven wave velocity, etc. present real challenges. What are the best ways to diagnose these complex models and obtain meaningful information? What quantities should be looked at? How should they be displayed? A discussion of the promises, the prospects, and the challenges of the above topics will be given with examples taken from recent work. 相似文献
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从纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励对流场的作用机理出发,将其对流场的作用等效为热源对流场的快速加热,建立了纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励的空气动力学模型.应用模型计算了单次纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励下静止流场的响应,计算结果表明:纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励可在静止流场中形成一个高温升压升区(716K,225.95kPa)和一个低温升压升区(380K,131.7kPa),分别可诱导一强一弱两道压缩波,压缩波后各有一道稀疏波.压缩波与稀疏波同速向外传播,传播速度开始较大(大于400m/s),随着逐渐向外传播,其传播速度逐渐减小(357m/s).压缩波经过的区域可诱导局部速度,初期诱导的局部速度较大,在激励器切向和法向可诱导60m/s以上的局部速度,随着压缩波的衰减,诱导局部速度的能力减弱,最大可诱导10m/s左右的局部速度. 相似文献
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为了深入地揭示平板型脉冲等离子体推力器(PPT)工作机理,通过对PPT在放电过程中的欧姆加热能量分配分析,建立了基于能量守恒原理的改进烧蚀模型,并对磁流体动力学方程中的能量方程进行了修正。结合LES-6对PPT工作过程进行了一维磁流体动力学数值仿真,获得了PPT的速度分布、放电烧蚀质量和元冲量等参数的变化过程。仿真结果表明,改进模型能正确地反映脉冲等离子体推力器工作过程,仿真得到的出口速度、元冲量与实验值吻合较好,而放电烧蚀质量则相对误差较大;当电容容量变化时,元冲量随放电能量增大呈近似的线性增长关系,放电烧蚀质量随放电能量的增大单调增加且呈非线性关系。 相似文献
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电磁流动控制技术是一个多学科交叉融合的重要研究方向,在高超声速飞行器气动特性优化、气动热环境减缓、边界层转捩和等离子体分布等流动控制方面显示出广阔的应用前景。考虑高超声速飞行器绕流流场中发生的离解、复合、电离和置换等化学反应,气体分子振动能激发以及化学非平衡效应,耦合电磁场作用并基于低磁雷诺数假设,通过数值模拟求解三维非平衡Navier-Stokes流场控制方程和Maxwell电磁场控制方程,建立磁场与三维等离子体流场耦合数值模拟方法及程序,采用典型算例进行考核。在此基础上,开展不同条件下磁场对再入三维等离子体流场以及气动热环境影响分析。研究表明:建立的高超声速飞行器的等离子体流场与磁场耦合计算方法及程序,其数值模拟结果与文献符合,外加磁场使飞行器头部弓形激波外推,磁场强度越强,激波面外推距离越大;不同磁场强度环境下,流场中温度峰值大小略有变化,变化幅度较小;磁场对绝大部分区域的热流有减缓作用,作用的大小与飞行高度、马赫数以及磁场的配置紧密相关;当前的计算条件下,飞行的高度越高,磁场的作用越明显。 相似文献
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飞行器表面在一定气象条件下会产生积冰,积冰会使飞行器气动性能下降,是危害飞行安全的重要因素之一。常见的气热及电热防冰系统已经广泛运用于现有飞行器上。近些年,在纳秒脉冲阻挡介质放电(NSDBD)等离子体激励器的相关研究中发现NSDBD等离子体激励器可对周围流场进行快速加热,考虑到这种热效应可能作为飞机防冰的一种新方式。本文用数值方法对NSDBD等离子体激励器防冰特性开展了研究。首先,建立了基于Messinger模型的积冰模型,对典型积冰条件进行了验证计算;其次,耦合唯象学等离子体模型与非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,计算等离子体对空气流场的影响;最后,将NSDBD等离子体激励器布置在NACA0012翼型前缘防冰区,结合积冰模型与唯象学等离子模型,对其防冰特性进行了研究。计算结果表明等离子体加热的热气流会覆盖在翼型表面防冰区。在相同的霜冰条件下,开启等离子体激励器时机翼前缘没有出现积冰,说明等离体子激励器应用于机翼防冰是有效的。针对不同的激励器参数对防冰特性的影响规律进行了研究,总体上防冰效果与峰值电压、激励器频率有关,从防冰效果和能耗方面考量,在给定计算条件下,存在最优电压值和最优激励器频率值。激励器分布方式对防冰特性的影响与其具体流场有关,需要具体分析。 相似文献
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地面试验模拟高空等离子体流动控制效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了一种利用地面试验研究不同海拔高度等离子体流动控制性能的方法,该方法基于等离子体诱导射流雷诺相似原则,首先通过测量不同气压下静止空气中等离子体诱导射流的雷诺数,确定地面模拟等离子体激励器的结构和激励参数,然后将该激励器用于风洞试验,最后根据风洞试验结果评估等离子体在不同海拔高度处的流动控制效果。利用该方法研究了等离子体控制临近空间S1223翼型,结果表明相同工作条件下等离子体诱导射流最大速度随着海拔高度增加而增大,但射流雷诺数逐渐降低;高海拔低气压下除了切向壁面射流,等离子体在激励器上方诱导出一个高速向下的法向射流;采用雷诺相似等离子体激励器控制雷诺数为7.1×104的S1223翼型表面流动,攻角为6°~20°时升力系数增大27%~43%,表明采用等离子体流动控制技术后临近空间飞行器的升力特性可得到显著提升。 相似文献
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M. Mirshams B. Shokri S.Kh. Alavi M. Moradi A. Azimipanah 《Aerospace Science and Technology》2009,13(7):402-405
A laboratory version of a stationary plasma thruster which can accelerate a plasma jet using an axial electric field and radial magnetic field in an annular channel is constructed. The dynamics of such a stationary plasma thruster is investigated numerically using a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the atoms, electrons and ions. The spatial profiles of ion density and velocity are presented in steady regime. 相似文献
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Christopher W. Barnes 《Space Science Reviews》1985,42(1-2):145-151
It is usually important to write plasma simulation codes in such a way that they execute efficiently and are convenient to
use. I discuss here practical techniques to achieve this goal. Numerical algorithms must be well formulated and advantage
taken of machine architecture in casting the algorithm into a high level language such as Fortran. The advantages of writing
critical routines in Assembler are discussed. For large simulation codes, disks must often be used as a temporary store for
working data. Efficient methods for doing this are presented. Codes must not only be well organized for ease of implementation
and maintenance, but also for ease of use. Ways are suggested for packaging codes such that setup, batch production, restarting
and diagnostic postprocessing is facilitated. Particular emphasis is placed on graphics postprocessors, since they must be
used in real time with graphics terminals as well as with hardcopy devices. 相似文献
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等离子体气动激励抑制翼型失速分离的仿真研究 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
通过求解表面放电的二维流体体力模型,建立了翼型等离子体流动控制的数学模型,得到等离子体气动激励诱导的体力和热量分布,与Navier-Stokes方程耦合求解.进行了低雷诺数条件下,等离子体气动激励抑制NACA0009翼型失速分离的数值仿真研究,研究了等离子体激励的强度、激励电极数目和激励位置对流动分离抑制和翼型升阻特性的影响.在雷诺数为58000、攻角为24°的情况下,施加等离子体激励后,升力系数由0.7449增大到1.2404;阻力系数由0.4012减小到0.3503. 相似文献
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为了准确把握微波等离子推力器喷管流动的机理与特点,采用冻结流和非平衡流两种模型对其进行了对比数值模拟分析。非平衡流模型考虑了流动过程中的分解反应、电离反应和复合反应,化学动力学模型为4组分、4反应的有限速率化学反应模型,采用二阶精度NND格式数值求解耦合化学反应源项的N S方程组。数值模拟的结果揭示了喷管内的流场结构,反映了喷管内的离解电离状况,得到了推力器的推力和比冲。分析表明,数值方法有效,计算结果合理,具有工程应用价值,能为相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
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利用等离子体激励器作为改善气膜冷却效果的方法在近年来得到了初步研究,但现阶段改善程度依然有限.提出“月牙形凸台十等离子体激励器”新型气膜冷却结构,通过CFD计算方法分析常规圆形孑、带月牙形凸台和带等离子体气动激励等不同气膜冷却结构的流场特性、温度场特性和冷却效率.结果表明:在圆形孔气膜冷却结构中,流场中形成了肾形涡对,由于肾形涡对使得冷流抬离壁面以及卷吸热流的作用,壁面的冷却效果最差;冷流经过等离子体激励器或月牙形凸台后,流场产生了反肾形涡对,抑制了肾形涡对的结构尺寸和强度,与圆形孔气膜冷却结构相比,气膜冷却效果在展向和流向上得到较大改善;在“月牙形凸台十等离子体激励器”气膜冷却结构中,冷热流掺混后形成的反肾形涡对强度最大,并且显著提高了孔间区域的冷却效率,在各吹风比下气膜冷却效果最佳. 相似文献