微机电系统引领航空技术新变革

微机电系统(MEMS)被认为是21世纪的一项“使能”技术,对航空工业的技术革新将产生重大影响.本文介绍了MEMS在航空领域的典型应用,包括微惯性测量系统、微型飞行器、微流控和灵巧蒙皮、集成光电器件、发动机智能控制等,并探讨了未来MEMS的发展趋势     

微细/微纳制造

正微细/微纳制造技术被视为先进制造技术的重要发展方向和多学科交叉的科技研究前沿,其中MEMS技术、微细切削、微钻孔等超精密机械加工技术以及电化学加工、微细电火花加工、超声波微加工等特种微细加工技术在航空领域应用广泛,相关加工工艺及新型材料的开发具有广阔的发展前景。     

微小型飞行器的MIMU系统结构设计方法

针对微小型飞行器安装空间小、承载能力弱的特点,提出一种“T”型结构的微惯性测量单元（MIMU）系统设计方法,采用基于微机电系统（MEMS）技术的新一代微型惯性器件,在深入分析MIMU结构设计基本原则和方法的基础上,设计加工了“T”型支撑结构并组成了实际系统。该MIMU系统充分利用了空间,大大地减小了体积和重量。有限元分析表明：该MIMU力学性能较高,所研制的实际系统实现了微小型飞行器的自主飞行,各性能参数满足要求,是一款适用于微小型飞行器的MIMU。     

微扑翼飞行器驱动机构的设计与动态特性研究

微扑翼飞行器是一种新概念的飞行器,在应用技术上它超出了传统的飞机设计和气动力的研究范畴,同时开创了微机电系统技术(MEMS)在航空领域的应用。微扑翼驱动机构的设计、制作及其动态特性研究是飞行器设计中的关键环节。本文的研究对象是一个静电驱动的胸腔式微扑翼机构,由于这种结构存在着强烈的静电和机械两个物理场的非线性耦合,因此系统的动态特性是非常复杂的。本文从理论上分析了系统奇点的存在与稳定性;在相空间中分析了无阻尼及有阻尼系统的非线性动态特性;研究了初始条件和阻尼对临界拉入电压的影响;最后分析了在不同激励电压信号下系统的响应。所得研究结论对微扑翼驱动机构的设计、制作和应用提供了一定的理论依据。      

微机电系统传感器在航空领域的应用

微机电系统传感器将逐渐替代传统的传感器,广泛应用于飞行器导航、大气数据测量、发动机参数检测等方面,成为提高飞行器智能化和可靠性水平的关键。     

特种加工技术在某新型微叠层复合材料中的应用

目前航空航天领域采用的微叠层复合材料主要集中在Fe、Ni、Ti和Al的合金或金属间化合物上。这类金属的金属间化合物具有熔点高、密度低、热导率好及抗高温性能好等优点,可被用作航空飞行器或航空发动机的高温结构材料。但是这类金属间化合物具有其本征脆性,导致其室温下的断裂韧性很差,因而应用受到限制。为解决这一问题,采用特种加工技术制备出具备微叠层结构的金属/金属间化合物复合材料是理想的手段之一。     

基于MEMS技术的微扑翼飞行器研究

简要介绍了微型扑翼飞行器的概念、特点及其应用 ,概述了微扑翼飞行器的国内外研究现状及未来发展趋势。在此基础上 ,重点讨论了基于微机电系统 (MEMS)技术的微型扑翼飞行器的系统结构和单元划分 ,以及几种典型的微扑翼驱动机构方案     

MEMS与智能化流体力学

本文综述了微机电系统(MEMS)及其在流体力学和航空航天领域的应用概况;讨论了以MEMS为基础的流体测量和控制技术以及利用MEMS制作灵巧材料和灵巧结构,用于控制和改变飞行器部件乃至整个飞行器空气动力特性的若干例子;探讨了飞行器空气动力学从可变外形(DDG)到智能化外形(IAC)的发展前景;对于MEMS发展中涉及的微流体力学现象和问题也做了一些分析讨论.     

微机电系统的国防应用及其制造技术发展述评（下）

微机电系统的国防应用及其制造技术发展述评（下）中国航空信息中心饶勤４微机械制造技术的发展及应用１．微机械制造技术及其应用（１）辅助加工技术包括金刚石微细切削、电火花加工和化学铣削等工艺，这类工艺能以较大的灵活性和较快的速度加工出形状多样的、尺寸在１０...     

碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料加工技术研究进展

碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(CMC-SiC)是一种新型战略性热结构材料,在航空、航天、核能等高新技术领域具有广阔应用前景.但CMC-SiC材料硬度高、不导电等特性决定了实现其高精度、高质量加工较为困难.综述了CMC-SiC材料的传统加工和特种加工工艺的研究现状与进展,重点阐述了激光加工陶瓷及CMC-SiC材料的加工机理和加工效果.最后,指出了CMC-SiC材料加工技术的发展趋势.     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.