非正态分布误差的统计处理

列举常见的非正态分布误差，综述常见非正态误差的概率分布及其特征量，误差分布律的估计及检验，非正态误差的常用统计处理方法及其评定与合成。     

非单调推理的研究与发展

分析了非单调推理产生的原因以及非单调推理与传统逻辑间的关系，讨论了其典型的两种研究方法及存在的问题，最后指出了非单调推理的发展前景。     

涉及非静止通信卫星星座的干扰计算方法

研究了涉及非静止通信卫星星座干扰的两个特性 ,即非固定且时变特性和集总特性 ,并针对这两个特性 ,提出了进行涉及非静止通信卫星星座的干扰计算的思路和方法。该方法引入时间离散化仿真和等效功率通量密度概念 ,可以解决国内亟待解决的涉及非静止通信卫星星座的干扰计算问题。     

基于深度学习的非合作目标感知研究进展

近年来随着卷积神经网络的发展,基于深度学习的图像感知技术取得了巨大进展。深度学习算法不依赖于人工辅助设计标记、泛化能力强、检测精度高,在空间非合作目标智能感知领域引起了国内外学者的关注。本文分析了应用深度学习方法进行非合作目标智能感知的研究现状,并对他们进行分类介绍与总结。首先,总结了空间非合作目标感知的在轨应用情况和任务阶段规划,接着分析了非合作目标的结构特性和表面光照特性;其次梳理总结了建立非合作目标数据集的三种方法,分类归纳了非合作目标识别与非合作目标位姿检测的国内外研究进展;最后,分析了基于深度学习的非合作目标智能感知方法的关键问题与难点,并给出了后续研究的思路。     

基于非线性观测器的非合作目标姿态跟踪控制

非合作目标的姿态角速度、角加速度未知,给在轨服务航天器跟踪非合作目标姿态的控制器设计带来挑战.为解决这一问题,设计了一种非线性观测器,该观测器能够估计出非合作目标状态,然后构造了基于非线性观测器的姿态跟踪控制器,并证明了闭环系统的一致渐近稳定性.仿真结果表明,设计的方法不仅能够实现非合作目标的状态估计,而且实现了对非合作目标姿态的跟踪.     

非高斯随机振动的模拟方法

随机振动台根据功率谱密度（PSD,Power Spectral Density）生成的信号为高斯信号,而实际振动环境有时是非高斯的,因此随机振动实验常常无法准确模拟产品在真实振动环境下的失效情况。通过两个案例分别对均方根值（RMS,Root Mean Square）不随时间变化和随时间变化的非高斯随机振动进行了模拟方法研究。案例1利用Hermite多项式法对高斯信号进行了转换,在保证功率谱密度不变的同时得到了具有指定峭度的RMS不随时间变化的非高斯信号,但该方法对于输入的峭度有限制,当输入峭度大于10时,误差达到了20%。案例2利用一种新方法对实测的RMS随时间变化的非高斯振动进行了模拟,模拟后得到的非高斯信号和实测信号具有相同的功率谱密度、峭度以及概率分布,验证了新方法的准确性。     

非连通非确定运动目标的识别方法

针对非连通目标的识别问题,结合人眼识别的特点,提出了一种基于识别目标的全局特征建模,从图象中提取模型特征参数的模型参数识别法,处理的结果表明,此方法参数的识别误差仅为正负一个像素,而且对序列图象能够准实时自动识别,通过对实际图像进行了实验,证实了本方法的有效性。     

含非谐振节点滤波器的耦合矩阵综合方法

基于非谐振节点理论,提出了一种改进的直接耦合矩阵综合方法。通过将非谐振节点看作谐振点,采用经典耦合矩阵综合方法得到耦合矩阵,再对矩阵作相似变换,使非谐振节点位置相对应的元素不含传输零点信息,并对其所在行列作比例变换,使其还原为非谐振节点,直接综合得到可用于设计含非谐振节点滤波器的耦合矩阵。这种综合方法简化了含非谐振节点滤波器的综合、拓扑重构和性能仿真,Matlab和HFSS仿真结果验证了这种综合方法的合理性和可行性。     

非热电子束流在耀斑环中能量的沉积

本文计算了非热电子束流通过库仑碰撞和反向电流过程在均匀截面的耀斑环中的能量沉积,讨论了非热电子束流对耀斑软X射线等离子体的加热和耀斑非热模型的能量收支平衡问题。      

非均质壁面对液滴俘获能力的数值模拟研究

为研究不同非均质壁面对液滴的俘获能力,采用界面追踪法（FTM）结合广义滑移边界建立了接触角模型,对液滴在非均匀润湿的非均质壁面上的运动过程进行了数值模拟研究。液滴在倾斜壁面上受到重力作用由均匀润湿部分下滑至非均匀润湿部分,通过改变Bo数、Oh数、非均匀润湿程度研究了液滴在非均匀润湿区域的运动规律。研究表明:Bo数越大,液滴运动受壁面阻力影响越小,液滴下滑的速度越快,液滴越难以被俘获;Oh数越大,液滴运动受壁面阻力影响越小,液滴越难以被俘获;非均匀润湿程度越大,非均质壁面对液滴的阻力越大,液滴越易被俘获。      

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

应用于毫米波反射计的多项式校准方法

为了在毫米波波段准确测量波导器件的反射系数,提出了一种应用在反射系数测试前端(反射计)中的校准方法.该校准方法采用基于多项式的误差模型,使得每一个误差项的求解都转化成一个求解轨迹圆圆心的问题,同时不影响求解精度.采用一个滑动负载、一个滑动短路和一个短路器,在毫米波波段降低了对标准件理想程度的要求.实验中搭建了一个Ka波段的反射计,图解误差项的求解过程,分析了误差项的物理意义.把校准后的测量结果与商用矢量网络分析仪(VNA,Vector Network Analyzer)进行比较,吻合较好.同样比较了一组W波段反射计对波纹喇叭的测量结果,进一步验证了方法的合理性.