航空起动/发电系统的发展趋势与研究现状

探讨了航空电源系统的发展趋势。概括总结了"多电与全电飞机"中的大功率发电机制造、绝缘材料与有源器件以及耐高压大功率载流开关器件等关键技术的现状和发展。并就各起动/发电系统的特点、国内外研究现状和存在的问题进行了较为全面地分析与比较。最后,对航空起动/发电系统的趋势及技术进行了简要的总结。     

广石燃机电站异步发电,起动及微机控制的设计

文中介绍了异步电机发电的特点，分析了ＷＪ６Ｇ１型燃气国化机拖动异步电机发电的可行性，确定了机组的并网转速和补偿电容的大小，对ＷＪ６Ｇ１型燃气轮机发电机组采用交流电机变频起动，文中提出了设计方案，对选定的交流异步电机进行了克服起动静摩擦力，起动加速时间Δｔｂ和暧机加速能力的核算或分析。     

基于Simscape航空三级式起动/发电机建模仿真研究

基于现有航空三级式起动/发电机仿真建模方法，提出基于Simscape电力系统域的励磁机、旋转整流器和主电机统一域建模方法，给出建模过程，在所建立的子系统模型上搭建航空三级式起动/发电机从起动到发电过程的仿真系统，该系统可工作在起动状态和发电状态，实现起动到发电状态的转换。仿真结果表明，所给出的建模方法可行、建模结果正确，能够支持相关领域的仿真研究。     

多电飞机大功率高压直流起动发电机系统研究与实现

起动发电（SG）一体化是多电飞机（MEA）和全电飞机（AEA）机载主电源系统的重要特征与关键技术。高压直流电源（HVDC）系统输出不受交流电频率约束，电机可工作在更高转速从而提高功率密度，且易于并联提高供电可靠性，已经成为飞机电源系统的重要发展方向。提出三级式高压直流起动发电系统架构，阐述了其组成和工作原理，分析了发电和起动模态下永磁发电机（PMG）、励磁机（ME）和主电机（MG）的运行特性，以及发电模态下励磁机的恒流源和电流放大器特性；研究了起动模态下主电机的转矩产生机理和影响因素以及励磁机单相交流励磁特性。研制成功120 kW/270 V高压直流起动发电机系统，构建起动发电一体化实验平台，完成了发电及发动机模拟起动运行实验，实验与仿真结果一致，为大功率高压直流起动发电系统在新一代飞机上的应用奠定了理论和技术基础。     

一种新型的双凸极起动/发电机的研究及实践

介绍一种可以适应于航空低压直流、变速恒频、高压直流电气系统的新型双凸极起动 /发电机系统 ,并对其电动及发电机理进行了理论研究 ,给出起动 /发电机的相应控制策略 ,在此基础上研制了 18k W样机并进行了原理试验研究 ,试验结果表明 :双凸极电机起动 /发电系统的方案具有结构简单、可靠及控制方便等优点 ,适合作航空用起动 /发电机     

飞机用开关磁阻起动/发电系统负载影响研究

组合起动/发电(IS/G)系统是多/全电飞机(M/A EA)的关键子系统,而开关磁阻电机(SRM)被认为是实现飞机IS/G系统的首选机型。研究了负载对开关磁阻起动/发电(SR S/G)系统电能质量及稳定性的影响。针对多电飞机电气系统的特点,所涉及的负载被划分为三类:传统负载、特殊负载和恒功率负载,给出了突加、突卸负载时SRM的输出电压和相电流曲线。同时,对恒功率负载下系统的稳定性进行了理论分析和仿真验证。     

航空无刷同步电机起动发电系统电动运行励磁特性

对航空无刷同步电机起动发电系统电动运行的励磁特性进行了理论分析,提出了交直流混合励磁方案,建立了系统的MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真模型。仿真结果表明,主发电机励磁电流平均值随励磁机励磁频率的升高而减小,且主发电机励磁电流脉动率随转速升高有唯一极小值点,该点可作为交直流励磁的切换点。     

变频交流发电系统双定子绕组异步发电机低载波比控制

随着多电全电飞机的发展,变频交流(VFAC)电源发电系统已广泛应用于大型民用飞机之中。VFAC系统的主发电机具有功率大、基波频率高的特点,而大功率器件的开关频率通常不高于5kHz,因此,如何在有限载波比下保证输出电压波形质量及动态性能成为了研究的重点。基于双定子绕组异步电机(DWIG)VFAC发电系统,利用特定次谐波消除脉宽调制法(SHEPWM),针对不同的基波频率段选择不同的载波比,在保证波形质量的同时做到开关频率最低。针对SHEPWM无法实时控制的问题,采用磁链追踪控制(FTTC)对SHEPWM调制进行了改进,保证了系统动态性能,仿真和实验验证了方法的正确和有效性。低载波比控制方法不仅可以应用于变频交流发电系统,而且同样适用于中频变换器等场合。     

用于航空高压直流电源系统的笼型异步发电机控制策略的研究

 现代电力电子技术的发展使得笼型异步发电机能够适用于航空高压直流系统中。着重对笼型异步电机与电力电子变换器结合构成的发电系统进行了研究,说明了采用直接转矩控制策略可使这种发电系统具有很好的动态特性。介绍了异步发电机直接转矩控制的原理与实现方法,并给出了仿真与实验结果。     

MD-90飞机的变速恒频发电系统

变速恒频(简称VSCF)发电系统是在电力电子技术迅速发展的基础上,研制开发的一种新型飞机电源系统,用来取代传统的恒速恒频(简称CSCF)电源系统.VSCF发电系统利用电子变换器,把飞机发动机直接驱动的变频交流发电机产生的变频交流电,变换成115/2O0伏、4O0赫3相交流电,以满足飞机用电设备的需要.VSCF电源与CSCF电源比,其发电效率要高近1O个百分点,而且还具有供电质量高,无频率瞬变现象;可靠性高,寿命期费用低;便于生产、使用和维修等优点.     

Starter/generator employing resonant-converter-fed induction machine. II. Hardware prototype

The feasibility of operation of a new procedure to start a jet engine (JE) and to generate power by means of a single induction machine (IM) directly coupled to the turbine has been shown by means of a hardware prototype. An introduction, background, operation principle of this type of a system and software simulation portion was presented in Part I. Both in software simulation and in the experimental phase of the studies the JE is replaced by a DC machine. The DC machine is brought to an initial speed by the motoring operation of the IM. Later, the IM is taken into generating mode and the DC machine is into motoring mode of operation. This mode would correspond to the turbine catch-up initiation phase and initiate driving phase of the induction generator in the actual world. The generated power is then converted to a three-phase, 400 Hz (in software), 60 Hz (in hardware), 115 V voltage-regulated bus via a double stage power conversion utilizing a 20 kHz parallel resonant high frequency AC link and pulse density modulated converter technology. Independent of the coupled machine speed, a constant amplitude and constant frequency three-phase voltage-regulated AC bus is formed and maintained by the proper control of the power converters.     

Starter/generator employing resonant-converter-fed induction machine. I. Analysis

A new procedure to start a jet engine (JE) and to generate power by means of a single induction machine (IM) directly coupled to the turbine is presented. The JE is brought to an initial speed by the motoring operation of the IM. Later, the IM is taken into generating mode and the turbine is applied to its excitation. The turbine catches up and starts to drive the induction generator (IG). The generated power is converted to a three-phase, 400 Hz voltage-regulated bus via a double stage power conversion utilizing a 20 kHz parallel resonant high frequency AC link and pulse density modulated converter technology. Independent of the engine speed, a constant amplitude and constant frequency three-phase voltage-regulated AC bus is formed and maintained by the proper control of the power converters. The feasibility of operation of such a system has been demonstrated in software where the JE turbine is modeled and replaced by a DC machine. An introduction, background, operation principles of the overall system, and the related software simulations are presented and discussed.     

基于神经网络的双馈感应发电机滑模控制

针对不平衡电网下双馈感应发电机运行不佳的问题,将神经网络控制和二阶滑模控制相结合构成的神经网络滑模控制器运用到双馈风力发电机的直接功率控制中。设计了二阶滑模控制器,二阶滑模能够有效地削弱传统滑模控制的抖振；接着,设计了径向基神经网络对系统的不确定部分进行逼近；最后,基于李雅普诺夫稳定性定理推导了神经网络权值更新律,证明了控制系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明所设计控制策略能对有功、无功功率及其定子电流进行有效控制,削弱了传统滑模控制中的抖振。     

高压变频器试验用同步发电机组的设计特点

介绍了高压变频器试验用同步发电机组电磁设计和结构设计等方面的特点,基于二维时域有限元法对该同步发电机组两个电机的谐波分布、气隙磁场时间分布、起动过程中阻尼环电密时间分布等电磁特性进行计算和分析。通过同步发电机机组样机型式试验验证了设计方案的可行性,为该类高压同步发电机机组在高压变频器领域进一步应用奠定基础。     

Fault-tolerance wide voltage conversion gain DC/DC converter for more electric aircraft

In this paper, a fault-tolerance wide voltage conversion gain DC/DC converter for More Electric Aircraft (MEA) is proposed. The proposed converter consists of a basic Cuk converter module and n expandable units. By adjusting the operation state of the expandable units, the voltage conversion gain of the proposed converter could be regulated, which makes it available for wide voltage conversion applications. Especially, since mutual redundancy can be realized between the basic Cuk converter module and the expandable units, the converter can continuously work when an unpredictable fault occurs to the fault-tolerant parts of the proposed converter, which reflects the fault tolerance of the converter and significantly improves the reliability of the system. Moreover, the advantages of small input current ripple, automatic current sharing and low voltage stress are also integrated in this converter. The working principle and features of the proposed converter are mainly introduced, and an experimental prototype with 800 W output power has been manufactured to verify the practicability and availability of the proposed converter.     

Wind Power System Using an Adaptive Sherbius Induction Machine

A wind turbine driven variable speed power generation system using a static Sherbius scheme in the generation mode is described. A control methodology to adapt the power output characteristics of double output induction generator to the output characteristics of the driving turbine is proposed. The control scheme has been implemented and experimental test results show that the induction machine can be made to adapt to the desired characteristics.     

High power factor AC/DC/AC converter with random PWM

A three-phase AC/DC/AC converter is presented with a power factor preregulator to improve the power quality in the input side and a pseudorandom noise generator to reduce the emitted acoustic noise and the mechanical vibration for an induction motor drive. The space vector modulation with hysteresis current control for a voltage source rectifier is adopted to simplify the hardware circuit. A control scheme is presented to drive the supply current following the reference current. The amplitude of reference current for the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier is derived from the DC bus voltage regulator and the estimated output power. Random switching frequency technique for a three-phase PWM inverter system to reduce the annoying tonal noise and resonant vibration from an induction motor is described. By randomly varying the instantaneous PWM switching frequency from one cycle to the next, the frequency distribution of harmonics is spread in a wide frequency range. The major advantage for using such a strategy is the nonrepetitive output spectral characteristic that results in reduction of torque pulsations in motor drive systems. The nearly unity power factor at the three-phase rectifier and the absence of acoustic noise concentrated at the specific tones which is usually present with conventional sinusoidal modulation are verified by the experimental tests     

Unified Voltage and Pitch Angle Controller for Wind-Driven Induction Generator System

A unified voltage and pitch angle controller (UVPC) for a wind-driven induction generator system is presented to reach effective voltage control and to stabilize generator speed and system frequency. The proposed UVPC comprises a linear optimal controller (LOC), a supplementary voltage regulator (SVR), and a supplementary pitch angle controller (SPC). An ac voltage regulator and a dc voltage regulator are designed in the SVR to generate the desired voltage magnitude and phase angle for the voltage-sourced inverter (VSI). On the other hand, the SPC is designed based on fuzzy logic inference rules in order to generate the desired pitch angle command for the variable blade pitch such that the mechanical power can be controlled in a very efficient manner. When the system is operated in the islanding condition, an approach based on the concept of relative rotating speed has been developed for the measurement of system frequency deviation. Simulation and experimental results reveal that both bus voltage and mechanical power can be effectively controlled by the proposed UVPC for the wind energy conversion system (WECS) either connected with or disconnected from the power grid when there is sufficient wind energy.