方位维逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)运动补偿成象中的预加处理

在方位维逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）运动补偿成象中,为了获得方位维的高分辨力,需要处理的数据量很大。预加处理首先对原始数据进行频移和滤波,然后由滤波后的数据进行抽取,从而大大压缩了所需处理的数据,减小了运动补偿和成象的计算量,提高了成象处理速度。电磁仿真数据和外场实测数据的处理结果验证了预加处理的有效性。     

Limitations on SAR Image Area Due to Motion through Resolution Cells

Range-Doppler imaging systems are degraded by the motion of an object through its resolution cells during image formation. Given the range resolution dR, the cross-range (azimuth) resolution dA, and the wavelength ?, the image's range extent DR and cross-range extent DA must be constrained by ?DR ? 4d2A; ?DA ? 4dAdR to avoid significant image degradation. By implication, we can image a rectangular area A ? DADR. We show that, in general, the acceptable image area is a parallelogram which becomes a rectangle only in the special case of unsquinted, broadside operation. Furthermore, the actual useful image area within a rectangular map of range extent DR and crossrange extent DA decreases as the squint angle measured from broadside increases.     

亚轨道飞行器再入可达域快速计算方法

再入可达域的快速准确计算,对于亚轨道飞行器可行着陆点的选择起着至关重要的作用.针对亚轨道再入可达域问题的特点,通过定义加权的横程、纵程组合性能指标函数,将可达域求解问题转化为组合性能指标最优的控制问题,采用求解精度高、收敛速度快的勒让德伪谱法快速计算得到再入可达域.仿真结果表明,该方法不仅能保持动力学模型精度,所得可达...     

航天器的再入走廊及其计算方法

首先定义了航天器的再入走廊,根据提出的一种新的Loh模型与再入走廊的定义,详细地推导出了再入走廊各边界的计算公式,并证明了两种侧向走廊的数学描述是等价的。计算了以美国航天飞机为模型的再入走廊。最后还对影响再入走廊宽度的因素(如再入初始参数、飞行器升阻比、飞行器表面的耐热材料,所能忍耐的动力学环境等)作了分析。     

月球返回舱跳跃式再入弹道设计方法研究

不同于近地航天器返回地球,月球返回舱存在再入速度更高、大气和气动参数误差影响更大以及再入动力学耦合更强烈的特点。为缓解这些突出问题,降低月球返回舱所受到的冲击,对跳跃式再入弹道进行了研究,给出了跳跃式返回弹道的设计流程和算法,分析了不同再入角和航程约束下的弹道形态,并针对7 500 km航程可能出现的横向超调现象提出了3种解决方案。其中控制出口射面法引入了"预测-校正"思想,从根本上解决了自由飞行段可能出现的问题。数值仿真结果验证了弹道设计流程和算法的有效性。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Footprint Problem with Angle of Attack Optimization for High Lifting Reentry Vehicle

A formal analysis to footprint problem with effects of angle of attack (AOA) is presented. First a flexible and rapid standardized method for footprint generation is developed. Zero bank angle control strategy and the maximum crossrange method are used to obtain virtual target set; afterward, closed-loop bank angle guidance law is used to find footprint by solving closest approach problem for each element in virtual target set. Then based on quasi-equilibrium glide condition, the typical inequality reentry trajectory constraints are converted to angle of attack lower boundary constraint. Constrained by the lower boundary, an original and practical angle of attack parametric method is proposed. By using parametric angle of attack profile, optimization algorithm for angle of attack is designed and the impact of angle of attack to footprint is discussed. Simulations with different angle of attack profiles are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed footprint solution method and validity of optimal algorithm.     

基于内流场PSP测量技术的图像后处理

由于在测量模型表面压力方面具有独特的优势,光学压敏测量技术（Pressure-Sensitive Paint Technique,PSP）近年来受到了广泛关注。然而,由于内流场流动的复杂性及狭小的几何空间,内流场的PSP压力测量实验难度非常大,影响了PSP的测量精度与显示效果。基于对光学压敏测量技术测量原理的深刻理解,结合图像对准与三维重构理论,探究并优化相应的图像处理流程,自主发展了PSP图像的三维重构程序。以某平面叶栅叶片PSP实验图像为研究对象,按照提出的优化图像处理流程,提高了叶片表面PSP测压的精度,实现了叶片表面压力场的三维重现,并与静压孔测量结果进行了比对。结果表明：所发展的PSP图像处理方法及流程,是现有测量条件下提高PSP测量精度的有效措施之一,且经过叶片表面压力场的三维重现,便于获取图像上的压力信息。     

Image Correlation with Geometric Distortion Part II: Effect on Local Accuracy

The effect of geometric distortion on the local accuracy of the image registration algorithms using cross correlation is presented. Using a probabilistic model describing images as homogeneous random patterns, expressions for the mean and covariance of the local error vector in terms of image and noise autocorrelation functions, geometric distortion, and reference image area are derived. The geometric distortions considered are those represented by an affine transformation of image coordinates. It is shown that for a fixed geometric distortion there is an image size (integration area) that minimizes the local error. The optimum area decreases with increasing geometric distortion.     

基于小波和独立成分分析的去噪自适应算法

为了寻求一种能将不同类型和数量的噪声从图像中去除的方法,提出了一种能从图像源中将噪声与信号分离的改进的小波ICA滤波器。该方法首先使用小波降维,用Morlet小波来解决非正交问题;通过ICA规范化降维后的信号,从而发现独立噪声特征;再通过相关性将图像和噪声分离;最后,对图像进行还原,得到去噪后的图像。通过实验与主成分分析(PCA)方法、FastICA方法进行了对比,验证了该方法的有效性。结果显示,本研究提出的方法降噪效果较PCA方法和FastICA方法有大幅提高。同时,复杂度略有上升。     

一种基于盲同态解卷积的SAR成像自聚焦算法

针对大气扰动及飞行平台不稳引起机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像散焦的问题,提出了一种新的自聚焦算法来估算运动误差。该算法是基于运动误差函数及场景散射函数平滑特性的差异来进行估计的,利用复对数变换将图像的幅度与相位信息分离,进而分别对相位及幅度信息进行处理。运动误差通常为慢变函数,而场景的散射信息具有某种随机特性。因此,经过复对数变换后,运动误差及散射信息可以通过滤波器进行分离,将相位中的随机噪声去除,从而保留了慢变的运动误差函数。为了去除噪声信息,需要建立一个平滑滤波器,利用Daubechies小波的尺度函数构造Riesz基向量,从而建立了正交子空间,通过所建立信号子空间及噪声子空间组建平滑滤波器,最终可以获得准确的运动误差。在实验部分,分别利用仿真数据及实测数据对本文方法进行验证,最终结果分析表明该方法具有很高的估计精度及执行效率。     

OpenGL在雷达图像实时显示中的应用

介绍了利用OpenGL实现图像显示的基本原理,主要探讨了在图形显示硬件的支持下,通过OpenGL光栅操作功能实现图像的实时显示。测试表明这种方法能够达到较大图像数据量实时显示的要求。     

Time windowing for highly focused ISAR image reconstruction

In several applications long recorded live inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) data are used to obtain one or more ISAR images. In order to reconstruct a well-focused ISAR image, a suitable selection of the echoes to be coherently processed must be provided. Such a selection can be made by defining a time window. We propose a technique for the automatic selection of the position and length of the time window that provides the ISAR image with the highest focus. The technique, namely the maximum contrast based automatic time window selection (MC-ATWS), is based on the definition of image contrast (IC). Due to the fact that the IC is a measure of the image focus, the time window is selected by maximizing the IC. The technique effectiveness is tested by using simulated and real data.     

适用于爆炸物CT检测重建图像去噪新算法

场旅客行李爆炸物CT检测成像过程中不可避免地受到噪声影响,对重建图像的去噪处理是爆炸物CT检测技术中的一个重要环节。针对机场旅客行李隐藏爆炸物快速检测、重建图像质量要求和引入的噪声特点,提出了一种有效的图像去噪算法将小波包分析与快速中值滤波相结合,并且对小波包系数运用一种新的阈值去噪方法。实验结果表明,该算法能更有效地去除重建图像的噪声并保持图像的边缘细节。     

OGSRN: Optical-guided super-resolution network for SAR image

Although Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) have significantly improved the development of image Super-Resolution(SR) technology in recent years, the existing SR methods for SAR image with large scale factors have rarely been studied due to technical difficulty. A more efficient method is to obtain comprehensive information to guide the SAR image reconstruction.Indeed, the co-registered High-Resolution(HR) optical image has been successfully applied to enhance the quality of SAR image due to it...     

经纬仪测量图像中目标缺损区域的恢复

根据电子经纬仪序列测量图像的特性，充分利用缺损帧前后数帧图像的相关信息，采用C-均值模糊聚类技术，提出了一种测量图像缺损部分恢复方法，对恢复帧前后数帧进行聚类，并剔除噪声帧，采用有效聚类中心灰度值对缺损区域进行恢复。经试验证明：此方法恢复的目标区域图像准确，灰度变化平缓，不失真。     

Prescreening during image formation for ultrawideband radar

Standard radar image formation techniques waste computational resources by full resolving all areas of the scene, even regions of benign clutter. We introduce a multiscale prescreener algorithm that runs as part of the image formation processing step for ultrawideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. The prescreener processes intermediate radar data generated by a quadtree backprojection image former. As the quadtree algorithm iterates, it is resolving increasingly finer subpatches of the scene. After each quadtree stage, the prescreener makes an estimate of the signal-to-background ratio of each subpatch and applies a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector to decide which ones might contain a target of interest. Whenever the prescreener determines that a subpatch is not near a detection, it cues the image former to terminate further processing of that subpatch. Using a small database of UWB radar field data, we demonstrate that the prescreener is able to decrease the overall computational load of the image formation process. We also show that the new multiscale prescreener method produces fewer false alarms than the conventional two-parameter CFAR prescreener applied to the completely formed image     

基于加权的可见光与红外光图像融合算法

红外图像所含边缘等细节偏少、可见光又容易受外部环境干扰,融合图像可以提供更全面的信息,符合人或机器的视觉特性,为图像进一步分析、识别等提供基础。提出一种比值与梯度加权的可见光与红外光图像融合算法,结合小波变换在图像分解中的特性及信号集中的特点,将小波变换应用于红外光和可见光图像融合中可以提高融合信息的理解能力。针对分解获得的低频系数主要反映图像细节信息的特点,对低频系数采用比值加权分析融合规则;针对分解获得的高频系数主要反映图像边缘信息特征的特点,对高频系数采用改进边缘检测算子梯度加权的融合规则。选取多组图像进行了不同融合规则实验对比分析,通过客观评价指标进行评价,改进的融合算法可以获得较清晰的融合图像,可以增加图像的互补信息,并能较好地提高融合图像的清晰度。     

一种基于Sobel算子的星敏感器星图预处理方法

星敏感器在太空环境下工作时容易受到杂散光的干扰,对星图进行二值化后直接采用质心法难以从星图中提取恒星星像坐标.针对上述问题,提出了一种基于Sobel算子的星敏感器星图预处理方法,用于提取星像坐标.首先采用Sobel算子计算星图中所有像素的梯度,保留所有大于阈值的像素梯度作为新的星图,然后以新的星图作为样板通过质心法从原始星图中提取恒星星像.由于杂散光干扰信号在星图中表现为缓慢信号,这些信号计算的梯度很小,因此通过Sobel算子计算后新的星图只有恒星星像.该方法能够消除星图中的杂散光干扰信号,使星图中只保留恒星星像信息,提高恒星星像坐标提取精度,具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于自适应插值算法的视频图像缩放技术及其FPGA实现

介绍了一种基于自适应插值算法的视频图像缩放技术;重点阐述了采用FPGA芯片实现该算法的原理和具体结构。经实验验证,该算法及其FPGA实现能有效消除传统插值算法在物体边缘部分出现的锯齿,提高图像经过缩放后的视觉质量,同时具有较低的复杂度,适用于实时图像处理。