BDS/GPS组合的H-ARAIM PBN和ADS-B应用可用性评估

水平-先进接收机自主完好性监测(H-ARAIM)属欧美大力发展的新型机载自主卫星导航完好性监测技术。从H-ARAIM的基于性能的导航(PBN)和广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)应用方法出发,基于美国全球卫星导航系统(GPS)和中国自主北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)组合系统,综合考虑不同卫星故障概率、不同星座故障概率、不同星钟星历误差配置以及不同星座配置,全面仿真评估了H-ARAIM的PBN和ADS-B应用全球可用性,结果表明:卫星和星座故障概率变化,对水平保护级(HPL)结果的影响不足0.1%,PBN和ADS-B均可实现全球100%可用性;星钟星历误差变化,会导致较大幅度的HPL变化,最大值可达20 m,但对PBN和ADS-B应用可用性没有显著影响;不同星座配置会对全球和亚太区域平均99.9%HPL结果及PBN和ADS-B应用可用性产生显著影响,HPL变化幅度达到32 m,可用性随星座配置不同而变化,最差可降低到96%。所取成果可为北斗民航应用提供坚实的理论参考和可靠的技术支撑。     

近程动态范围激光雷达测距系统设计及误差分析

针对脉冲激光雷达测距精度受限于距离动态变化导致的行走误差和时刻抖动误差的问题，设计了一种基于自动增益控制（AGC）技术及恒比定时鉴别（CFD）技术的激光雷达测距系统，可适应进程动态范围的测量目标，并提高测距精度。激光雷达测距系统在10~100 m的静态测距实验中，测距精度达到厘米级别。在动态三维扫描实验中，室内测量得到11.4~31.2 m范围内靶标的平面拟合均方根误差为2.05~4.35 cm，室外测量得到距离15.97 m处目标平面拟合均方根误差为3.54 cm。      

北斗D2导航电文解析和完好性性能分析

为评估北斗D2导航电文对系统空间信号完好性影响，对D2导航电文结构和内容进行研究。首先，通过基本导航信息的解析，给出了确定卫星位置和用户位置过程所需的信息和时间，并对受卫星星历和时钟影响的用户测距误差做了说明，介绍了电离层误差、对流层误差改正模型。然后，通过增强服务信息的解析，论述了完好性信息（RURA、UDRE）及格网电离层延迟的计算方法。最后给出了使用完好性信息、用户局部误差获取用户定位误差保护级的算法。     

基于卫星监视几何精度因子的UDRE值估计方法

星基增强导航系统(SBAS,Satellite Based Augmentation System)通过向用户提供用户差分距离误差(UDRE,User Differential Range Error),来保证广播星历和星钟改正数的精度并增强用户的完好性性能.给出了一种用于主控站的UDRE计算方法,提出了卫星监视几何精度因子(SSDOP,Satellite Surveillance Dilution of Precision)的概念.基于UDRE和SS-DOP的表达式,通过数学推导发现UDRE受到SSDOP和限制因子的影响,而限制因子可以用其统计平均值0.7438来替代,建立了由SSDOP估计UDRE的表达式.仿真结果表明:利用SS-DOP估计出的UDRE值,其误差不超过0.8 m,能够反映出当前卫星UDRE的特性,可以作为用户在无法接收完好性信息时快速推算UDRE的一种可行手段.     

预报高空目标对流层折射的新公式

对于高空目标,本文得到预测射线弯曲角和大气折射引起的距离误差的新公式,它们可以用于1°以上仰角的折射预报,精度高且使用简便.      

Comprehensive outage compensation of real-time orbit and clock corrections with broadcast ephemeris for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning

The main challenge in real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is that the data outages or large time lags in receiving precise orbit and clock corrections greatly degrade the continuity and real-time performance of PPP positioning. To solve this problem, instead of directly predicting orbit and clock corrections in previous researches, this paper presents an alternative approach of generating combined corrections including orbit error, satellite clock and receiver-related error with broadcast ephemeris. Using ambiguities and satellite fractional-cycle biases (FCBs) of previous epoch and the short-term predicted tropospheric delay through linear extrapolation model (LEM), combined corrections at current epoch are retrieved and weighted with multiple reference stations, and further broadcast to user for continuous enhanced positioning during outages of orbit and clock corrections. To validate the proposed method, two reference station network with different inter-station distance from National Geodetic Survey (NGS) network are used for experiments with six different time lags (i.e., 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 30 s, 45 s and 60 s), and one set of data collected by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is also used. The performance of LEM is investigated, and the troposphere prediction accuracy of low elevation (e.g., 10–20degrees) satellites has been improved by 44.1% to 79.0%. The average accuracy of combined corrections before and after LEM is used is improved by 12.5% to 77.3%. Without LEM, an accuracy of 2–3 cm can be maintained only in case of small time lags, while the accuracies with LEM are all better than 2 cm in case of different time lags. The performance of simulated kinematic PPP at user end is assessed in terms of positioning accuracy and epoch fix rate. In case of different time lags, after LEM is used, the average accuracy in horizontal direction is better than 3 cm, and the accuracy in up direction is better than 5 cm. At the same time, the epoch fix rate has also increased to varying degrees. The results of the UAV data show that in real kinematic environment, the proposed method can still maintain a positioning accuracy of several centimeters in case of 20 s time lag.     

航空电子AFDX与AVB传输实时性抗干扰对比

为满足未来航电系统音视频信息传输的需求,考虑车载嵌入式系统的候选实时多媒体网络AVB在航电环境中的应用,并对AVB与AFDX的传输进行了对比研究。首先构建AVB与AFDX标准对比;其次提出基于网络演算的AVB和AFDX端到端延迟计算方法;然后通过定义不同的消息传输场景,采用理论方法分析消息传输实时性的干扰要素;最后利用仿真方法予以验证。在典型1 000条虚拟链路的组网规模下,结果显示:AFDX高优先级流量的端到端延迟优于AVB,对于低优先级流量端到端延迟,则AVB和AFDX各有优劣;但受突发的流量影响,在增加50条各0.22 Mbit/s带宽的低优先级流量干扰情况下,高优先级流量平均端到端延迟的变化率在AVB中为0.25%,在AFDX中为0.38%;在增加50条各0.22 Mbit/s带宽的高优先级流量干扰情况下,低优先级流量平均端到端延迟的变化率在AVB中为5.17%,在AFDX中为10.25%。结果表明:时间敏感消息在AVB网络中传输实时性的抗干扰能力优于AFDX。     

Satellite selection methods for multi-constellation advanced RAIM

The increased number of potential threat modes under multi-constellation advanced receiver autonomy integrity monitoring (ARAIM) requires an increase in the number of subsets and a correspondingly high computational load. A new satellite selection method based on integrity support message (ISM) parameters is proposed and compared with GDOP-based selection. The performance was tested on five days of data measurements from 21 multi-global navigation satellite system experiment (MGEX) stations distributed around the world, as well as simulation using the broadcast ephemeris. The results show that the proposed ISM-based satellite selection method is highly compatible with the baseline ARAIM. This method could reduce the computational times by about 60–70% quickly, with minimising vertical protection level (VPL) loss, which was consistently within 1 m, even a reduced VPL value in some epochs, and resulting in an improved availability. The simulation results were similar to the MGEX data. It appears that the application of ISM-based satellite selection can effectively reduce computational burden with a minimal impact on availability.     

伪距噪声建模方法研究和分析

主要介绍从GPS原始数据中提取伪距噪声的方法,并利用MATLAB非线性拟合工具箱cftool中的参数逼近模型对提取出的伪距噪声建模,针对几种较好的建模结果进行数据回放和比较,确定最佳建模方案.建模结果可用于Galileo系统空间信号误差（signal-in-space error）的实时估计和用户完好性算法的研究.     

基于GLONASS星历的预报轨道的误差分析

推导了协议地球坐标系下的卫星运动方程.通过分析由GLONASS(Global Navigation Satellite System)广播星历参数确定的卫星预报轨道的拟合精度,指出了摄动力模型的简化、积分器的选择,以及忽略了极移影响等因素是引起拟合误差的主要因素,其中摄动力模型的简化起最主要的作用.通过对卫星轨道运动方程积分30?min,可知由摄动力模型的简化、积分器和忽略极移影响等因素引起的拟合误差分别为0.827?m,0.224?m和0.025?m.要提高预报轨道拟合的精度,关键是要对摄动力简化特别是地球引力摄动高阶项的截断以及日月引力场简化造成的轨道预报精度损失加以控制.