先进的机场场面导向和控制系统浅析

放眼全球化的当今社会,航空交通密度日益增大,机场运营繁忙,部分枢纽型机场的吞吐量逐渐趋近饱和。这种现状对先进的机场场面导向和控制系统提出了更高的要求。与传统的机场导向和控制系统SMGCS(Surface Movement Guidance and Control System)相比,先进的机场场面导向和控制系统A-SMGCS(Advanced-Surface Movement Guidance and Control System)功能分为四部分:监视、路由、导向及控制。将对A-SMGCS的应用背景和发展状况给出较为全面的调研总结[1],并结合ICAOA-SMGCS Manual[3]论述对A-SMGCS提出详细功能需求,最后在此基础上提出A-SMGCS的系统功能架构。     

Magnetic Signal Processing & Analysis for Airfield Traffic Surveillance

This paper presents an innovative system for airport surface surveillance based on a novel magnetic sensing technology. Ferromagnetic objects such as vehicle motors, aircraft engines, and landing gears are detected through their deformation of the Earth's magnetic field. Tests have shown that although the local changes of the Earth's magnetic field are extremely small, the proposed sensing technology is able to detect them reliably. The primary objective of the proposed approach is to provide a complementary surveillance system for existing and future Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems (A-SMGCS) at large airports or a cost-effective surveillance solution for monitoring critical areas at medium and small airports. Unaffected by weather conditions, interference and shadowing effects, the system provides reliable position, velocity, and direction information without requiring any equipment in aircraft or ground vehicles. The outcome of a comprehensive market analysis is discussed and test results under real life conditions at two airports are evaluated analytically.     

Current research projects on airport surface movement guidance and control systems

Improvements in Air Traffic Management are required and aim at reduction and avoidance of inefficiencies, delays and safety risks. A frame concept under the term A-SMGCS (Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System) has been accepted world-wide in order to avoid an airport bottleneck. Three projects are described in brief: the DLR internal project TARMAC and the European Commission sponsored projects DEFAMM and BETA.     

European Airport Movement Management: The Italian Challenge

Goods and people mobility is a basic need in the age of sustainable growth and globalisation of the world economy. Air transport and aeronautics are seen as key assets for the future of Europe to meet needs of society and to win global leadership. Airports are identified as the future bottlenecks of air transport. Advanced surface movement guidance and control system (A-SMGCS) is seen as a key R&D topic the most promising way to achieve the necessary shift. This paper points out how Italy is addressing the challenge of A-SMGCS implementation and shows the first Italian A-SMGCS test-bed and validation process deployed at Milan-Malpensa.     

平视显示器的机上安装研究

由CRT中心点发出与平显光轴线平行并通过驾驶员眼点的光线是平显的零位瞄准线。平显的炮口十字线不宜称为零位瞄准线。平显的零位瞄准线被要求相对于飞机机身水平线下沉一定角度安装。平显的构造－安装方程表述了平显构造参量与安装参量间的关系。当平显在飞机上的安装要求确定后，平显的构造被方程所限定；当平显的构造确定后，平显在飞机上的安装被方程所限定。》     

热力学函数温度系数的计算

利用热容、熵、焓与温度关系的方程 [1],采用解最小二乘联立方程组的方法,编制了计算程序。可算出各种物质热力学函数温度系数。以此经验方程求得各种温度下的函数值与标准值非常接近,偏差小,精度高于文献 [1、 2]。      

ILS-a safe bet for your future landings

An argument is presented in favor of the ILS (instrument landing system), the principal components of which are the localizer, which provides lateral guidance to the pilot, and the glide slope, which gives the vertical guidance. A pilot flying these signals precisely will end up over the hard surface runway with the ILS receiving antenna, wherever it is mounted on the aircraft, being about 20 ft above the touchdown point. The safety record and evolution of the ILS are examined, and a pilot's view of ILS (that of the author, an engineer who has worked with ILS since 1957 and a pilot who has used ILS safely for over 30 years) is given. System availability is discussed, and comments concerning future use are offered     

On cross-ambiguity properties of Welch-Costas arrays

We discuss cross-ambiguity properties of a specific family of Costas arrays called Welch-Costas (W-C) arrays. These properties are of interest in multiuser radar and sonar system, especially since Costas arrays are known to possess ideal auto-ambiguity functions. The theory of W-C arrays is reviewed. It is then proved that only pairs of W-C arrays can have at most two hits in their cross-ambiguity function (best possible case). The maximum number of hits in the cross-ambiguity functions of a family of W-C arrays is shown to be a function of the number of W-C arrays in the family. The upper bound on the number of hits in the cross ambiguity functions for a family of W-C arrays is also derived. Specific examples of how reducing the number of W-C arrays improves the cross-ambiguity properties are given for various types of prime numbers     

Performance of Likelihood Ratio Processors

Summarized by its ROC curve, the performance of a Bayes optimal detector is a function of two joint a priori probability density functions on the uncertain parameters involved. An investigation is made to determine at what point in the generation of an ROC curve for a given pair of priors sufficient information is retained for the calculation of a new ROC based on a different pair of priors.     

δ函数与C_nH_m-空气系统通用燃气热力性质表

 本文提出了一个新的热力性质——δ函数。 δ=θ₂-θ₁式中θ₁与θ₂为任意选定的两种基准燃料的θ函数。 对于C_nH_m-空气系统,δ函数只与温度有关,而与燃料氢碳比以及燃气当量比无关。借助于δ函数,编制了适用于任意燃料氢碳比（包括碳与氢）的通用燃气热力性质表。利用此表可以方便而准确地计算C_nH_m-空气系统在任意当量比下的燃气热力性质。文中给出了该表的样表。     

对转涡轮特有叶型自动设计程序

作者曾为国家“七五”攻关课题完成了一套涡轮叶栅自动设计程序[1 ] 。在给定了叶栅进、出气马赫数 ,进气角与工质等熵指数后 ,此程序就能自动选择其它设计参数并计算出良好叶栅。但它是为常规涡轮叶型而编制的 ,未包括对转涡轮所特有的进、出气向量均在轴向同一边的叶栅 (见图 1下半 ,本文简称为小折转叶栅 ) [2 ] 。本文将此自动设计程序推广到对转涡轮 ,叙述了相应的物理考虑与数学处理 ,且给出多个算例。1　对小折转叶栅的特别考虑　　上述自动设计程序是用中心流线法解析解编制的。有关此法可详见文献 [3]。主要的设计自变参量是相对栅…     

E-CATS: First time demonstration of embedded training in a combat aircraft

Air Forces are facing difficulties in training pilots effectively for their missions. Due to a reduction of defense budgets, fewer resources can be made available for training. In addition, airspace available for training is limited, especially in Europe, and this is aggravated by the increase in the range of advanced weapon systems. Moreover, only few Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) sites are available for suitable training.Embedded Training (ET) is considered to be a potential solution for these problems. ET for fighter aircraft is a capability installed in an operational fighter to train the pilot while operating the aircraft in a situation it was designed for, but which is not available in everyday life. Thereto, the ET capability generates simulated threats and feeds them into the various avionics systems of the aircraft. This allows pilots to train against a virtual force, or a virtually augmented real force. Benefits of employing ET include cost reduction (fewer real aircraft are needed to act as enemy), use of smaller training airspace (simulated threats may move outside this space), and the potential to train anywhere, at any time.NLR, Dutch Space, and the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) have jointly developed an ET system to demonstrate the feasibility of current technology for implementing an ET capability in fighter aircraft. The system, installed in an RNLAF F-16B, supports training for ground-to-air and (one-versus-two) air-to-air engagements. It consists of two units; one unit executes the ET simulations and provides most of the required interfaces with aircraft systems, while the other unit is dedicated to interfacing with the radar processing chain.The system was evaluated by demonstrating it to a group of pilots and engineers and collecting their expert opinions. It was concluded that embedded training has considerable value for a variety of training objectives related to Beyond Visual Range tactics, and it is expected that embedded training will play an important role in the future mission training of fighter-aircraft pilots.     

研究飞行器弹性运动的耦合因子法

 飞行器弹性运动引起的广义力与所谓弹性运动的耦合因子有关,线性理论范围,存在弹性运动耦合的充要条件是在运动方程中含有耦合因子。     

潜空导弹作战效能研究

在过去的几十年中,空潜对抗优势一直是向飞机一方倾斜的。有些国家已经在研制用于潜艇上的防空导弹,以提高潜艇在空潜对抗时的生存能力。文中介绍了潜空导弹的发展状况,对其作战效能进行了初步研究,建立了潜空导弹作战效能评估模型并进行了算例分析。     

A method of obtaining signal components of residual carrier signalwith their power content and computer simulation

An algorithm for obtaining all signal components of a residual carrier signal with any number of channels is presented. The phase modulation type may be NRZ-L or split phase (Manchester). The algorithm also provides an easy way of obtaining the power contents of the signal components. Steps to recognize the signal components that influence the carrier tracking loop and the data tracking loop at the receiver are given. A computer program for numerical computation is also given     

进气道进口导流板的工作机理

在低速情况下进行了进气道安装进口导流板的研究。文中用实验阐明了进气道处于大攻角下进口导流板能有效的降低其出口稳态和动态畸变,并能提高其总压恢复。文中进一步说明了进口平直段内避风侧壁面上的气流分离与出口流场的关系,提出了导流板改善气流分离的机理,并用所提出的装导流板后的流动模型进行了分析和推断。文中论述了导流板设计参数对进气道性能的影响。本文内容对设计进气道进口导流板具有参考意义。      

基于短时傅里叶变换的Duffing振子微弱信号检测

研究了Duffing振子信号检测过程中混沌、间歇混沌和大周期状态的时频特征,提出了一种基于检测统计量的任意频率信号检测方法。通过对系统不同状态下的输出序列进行短时傅里叶变换(STFT)发现,等幅线和三维时频分布能够体现出不同状态的显著差异,且可以完全区分出每一种状态。从构造统计量的易实现性出发,用三维时频分布中的幅时曲线作为衡量不同状态的依据,并将不同频率对应的幅时曲线的均值最大量作为检测统计量,该统计量的计算可以借助快速傅里叶变换(FFT)操作提高时效性。在此基础上,引入频率控制单元,给出了任意频率信号的检测方法步骤,方法的关键是将检测统计量最大值处所在的频率作为待测信号频率范围的一个端点,另一个端点为毗邻的两个检测统计量值较大者所在频率点。实验给出了不同状态的检测统计量范围,进而以此范围为判据,实现了振子对任意频率信号的检测,说明了方法的可行性,为Duffing振子信号检测问题的研究提供了一种新的思路。     

飞行员数学模型与新机飞行品质预测

简述了建立飞行员数学模型的重要意义和方法，给出了飞行员的常用数学模型形式及有关参数参考数据，并着重讨论了飞行员数学模型在新机飞行操纵品质评估预测中的应用 。     

The future functionalities of the flight management system

The availability of new Communication, Navigation and Surveillance technologies provides the basis to move towards advanced Air Traffic Management (ATM) concepts. Some of these concepts will impact the airborne Flight Management System (FMS) by introducing new functions with different flight time horizons. In this discussion, two main flight time horizon are defined:The tactical flight time horizon is between 30s and 10mn ahead of the aircraft current position. Airborne separation from traffic, terrain and adverse weather will be introduced in this time horizon as a tactical function.The strategic flight time horizon is more than 10mn ahead of the aircraft current position. Weather datafusion, enroute inflight replanning assistance and air-ground trajectory negotiation will be introduced in this time horizon as strategic functions.The organisation of the associated future flight management system can be synthesised in the scheme (figure 1). The data to be displayed to the pilot for his flight awareness are functions of the flight phase, the type of airspace and of the type of situation encountered.Globally these data can be shared as functions of their flight time horizons, and their topic, as it is described in the table below. In the cells are indicated the flight objects that these data address.SEXTANT as a major avionics manufacturer is leading research and development activities in the area of ATM related airborne flight management functions. Their existing or expected findings are described in this article.