飞翼布局飞机侧风起降特性

飞翼布局飞机的动态特性与常规飞机相差较大,在侧风起降过程中呈现出新的运动特性。对侧风起降过程中飞翼布局飞机的配平特性与响应特性进行了计算与分析,掌握了其区别于常规飞机的特点,侧风对飞翼布局飞机起降安全影响最严重为侧翻效应;结合新型操纵舵面的操纵特性与使用特性,对飞翼布局飞机起降阶段的效能需求开展了分析;通过对常用的侧风操纵策略进行了仿真计算与对比分析,提出了适用于飞翼布局飞机的侧风起降操纵策略。     

双系缆气球绳网系统的建模、配平及稳定性

为研究一种双系缆气球绳网系统的气球、绳网的设计问题和系统抗风能力的评估问题,建立了考虑风影响的双系缆气球绳网系统的数学模型,其中包括在体轴系下建立的气球的数学模型、根据无限细化理论建立的系缆的数学模型和按照一定的简化假设建立的绳网的数学模型;在配平状态下引入小扰动假设,使非线性方程组线化,并分析了该系统对阶跃风扰动的响应和稳定性.仿真计算结果表明该系统的设计合理并具有一定的抗风能力.      

基于组态建模的航天器姿轨控数学仿真系统

数学仿真是研究航天器姿态轨道控制系统常用的手段,目前常用人工编程的方式建模,花费时间长且软件的可读性、可维护性较差.提出一套基于组态建模的航天器姿态轨道控制仿真系统,该系统通用性强、可支持自动建模及代码生成.仿真实例表明,该系统模块化、自动化程度较高,大大提高了研究人员的工作效率.     

法、德直播电视卫星系统的研制近况

法国、德国直播电视卫星系统计划在工业公司组织和技术上的发展比在政治上的合作跑得更快。1979年底临时组织起来的四个工业公司伙伴,最近分别向两国政府呈送了一份建议书。该建议书谈到了该项计划的系统经费、工业公司组织和系统技术设计等问题。整个系统的计划费用(包括研制费和三颗卫星费用)大约需要500～550百万马克。欧洲卫星组织要为该项计划成立一个工业公司机构。法国汤姆逊     

一种工业热电阻检定系统的设计

为实现对工业热电阻的自动检定,提高检定工作效率及量值传递的准确性,设计了一种工业热电阻自动检定系统。根据热电阻检定工作原理和实现自动检定的思想,论述了系统的硬件结构组成和检定系统操作步骤。系统采用测温电桥与低电势扫描开关配合,在工业三线铂电阻的检定中,可以实现二线接法和三线接法的自动转换。系统操作软件以VB作为开发平台,实现自动控温、采集数据和输出word报表等。实际使用表明,系统设计结构合理,软件操作方便,量值传递准确可靠。     

检漏方法的灵敏度估算

为方便地选择检漏方法 ,设计检漏系统和估算检漏系统的灵敏度 ,文章推导了一些常用检漏方法的灵敏度估算公式 ,这些公式在航天密封产品的检漏实践中具有实用性     

小型无人机伞降回收运动分析CSCD

针对小型无人机伞降回收的特点,研究了在无人机回收过程中,飞机及降落伞系统的运动轨迹及姿态。通过分析机伞间的力学关系,建立了机伞系统运动模型,并进行了仿真分析,给出了无风情况下回收运动的仿真结果。结果表明,系统能够满足无人机回收要求,可以决定最佳的回收参数,从而得到最优回收轨迹和姿态。     

六端口微波测量技术

六端口技术是从70年代初发展起来的一项新的微波自动测量技术。经过十多年来各国科技工作者的研究、实践,无论在理论上,还是在系统构成、误差分析等方面均趋于成熟。该技术目前已广泛应用于微波计量、安全防护和工业在线检测诸部门。由六端口网络组成的自动网络分析仪,可望成为技术性能高的自动测试系统。本文分四个部分,系统地介绍了六端口技术的发展及其在微波测量中的应用;几种常用六端口结的组成及其设计准则;六端口自动网络分析仪的校准及其测量方法,以及如何评定六端口网络分析仪不确定度等问题,供从事微波计量测试及有关人员参考。     

太赫兹大气临边探测仪遥感中高层大气风仿真

太赫兹大气临边探测仪（TALIS）是中国正在预研的第一台THz频段的临边探测仪,主要用于高精度、高分辨率的大气遥感测量.TALIS的观测目标主要包括大气温度、大气压强、大气成分（例如H₂O,O₃,HCl,ClO,N₂O,HNO₃等）的垂直分布以及长期变化趋势.由于TALIS的频段覆盖了许多重要的吸收谱线,其观测数据中包含大气风的多普勒信息,因此可以用于反演中高层风的廓线.本文针对TALIS视线多普勒风的观测进行仿真,利用辐射传输模型（ARTS）评估了TALIS测风的潜力和相应的反演精度.结果表明,TALIS的118GHz谱仪具有较好的测量精度,在70km处的精度为12m·s-1.183GHz,633GHz和658GHz谱仪也有一定的测量信息,反演精度分别为19m·s-1（60km）,19m·s-1（50km）,16m·s-1（50km）.TALIS有一个候选的测风谱仪位于655GHz频段,其在55km处的反演精度为11m·s-1.此外,虽然降低谱分辨率能有效提高系统灵敏度,但并不能提高反演精度,需要通过降低系统噪声来提高测风的精度.      

用武汉流星雷达观测象限仪座流星雨期间的流星速度

利用武汉流星雷达,首次成功地观测了象限仪座流星雨及流星雨期间的流星速度,讨论了利用单站全天空流星雷达观测流星雨的相关问题.从观测结果可以发现此次象限仪座流星雨发生在2004年1月4日的0000-0800LT,其中流星峰值出现在0400LT,而且通过流星雷达观测到的流星雨期间的流星回波平面推测得到的流星雨辐射点也与该流星雨的理论辐射点位置对应非常好.利用流星回波振幅的Fresnel振荡方法计算了此次流星雨期间观测到的流星的速度,分析了该流星速度的分布,这次流星雨期间观测到的流星速度主要集中在10-30 km/s,可以看出这种速度分布是由流星雨进入地球大气的初始速度和流星在大气中的减速过程共同决定的.最后研究了流星速度随高度的变化,并且由此讨论了地球大气对于流星体的减速作用.      

Flux upper limits of diffuse TeV gamma rays from the Galactic plane using the effective area of the Tibet-II and -III arrays

We obtained new upper limits on the diffuse gamma rays from the inner Galactic (IG) and outer Galactic (OG) planes in 3–10 TeV region, using the Tibet air shower data and new Monte Carlo simulation results. A difference of the effective area of the air-shower array for observing gamma rays and cosmic rays was carefully taken into account in this analysis, resulting in that the flux upper limits of the diffuse TeV gamma rays were reduced by factors of 4.0–3.7 for 3–10 TeV than those in our previous results (Amenomori, M., Ayabe, S., Cui, S.W., et al. Observation of multi-TeV diffuse gamma rays from the Galactic plane with the Tibet air shower array. Astrophys. J. 580, 887–895, 2002.). This new result suggests that the inverse power index of the energy spectrum of source electrons responsible for generating diffuse TeV gamma rays through inverse Compton effect should be steeper than 2.2 and 2.1 for IG and OG planes, respectively, with 99%C.L.     

Physics results with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

ARGO-YBJ is a multipurpose experiment consisting in a dense sampling air shower array with 93% sensitive area located at very high altitude. The apparatus is in stable data taking since November 2007 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet, PR China, 4300 m a.s.l., 606 g/cm²). In this paper we report the main results in Gamma-Ray Astronomy and Cosmic Ray Physics after about 3 years of operation.     

Creating an artificial Geminid meteor shower: Correlation between ejecta velocity and observability

One of the interesting arguments for a space impact mission to asteroid 3200 Phaethon is to create an artificial Geminid meteor shower. In this work we investigate the artificial shower’s dates of observability and dependence on ejecta velocity using dust trail theory. We find that when the dust ejecta velocities are 200 m/s the artificial meteor showers start to be visible in 2204 and continue for about 30 years. If the dust ejecta velocity is 20 m/s they only last 10 years from 2215 to 2225. Thus, the onset of artificial shower activity begins sooner and lasts longer with higher ejecta velocities. To produce an artificial meteor shower with 3200 Phaethon as the parent will require higher impact energy than the Deep Impact spacecraft delivered to 9P/Tempel 1.     

Constraints on injection parameters of cosmic rays in the Galactic center from resolved HESS observations

In this study, we investigate how restrictive the γ-ray emission from the Galactic center region, as seen by HESS and other Cherenkov air shower arrays, is against various models for cosmic ray injection. We derive diffusion coefficients which fit the observed spatial scales of diffuse γ-ray emission from the extended emission associated with the molecular clouds SgrA, B and C. Using these diffusion coefficients, we then obtain a limit for time scale of assumed recent proton acceleration near the SMBH, as the spatial size of SgrA^∗ in VHE γ-rays has to be consistent with the observed unresolved HESS point source size at this position. The signal from this hadronic component may be mixed with the expected VHE inverse Compton emission from the nearby unresolved pulsar wind nebula.     

气动弹爆破过程性能仿真分析

针对工业界对于安全有效的管道清洁装置的需求,设计了一种利用气动爆破的原理进行管道除垢的设备.该装置采用气动控制,利用压缩空气的瞬时释放产生的射流与冲击波的能量击碎管道内壁的附着物,实现管道除垢.通过分析装置工作的原理及运行过程,给出了重要参数的建模过程.通过仿真分析了气爆过程中压强、剪切力的分布特点以及传播过程,计算了其管道内气流速度场的分布变化,得出了气动弹爆破过程中对壁面产生的冲击主要来源于射流以及冲击波,并且在使用10MPa的工作压强下一次爆破可清理的管道范围超过160m.该设计可以高效的实现管道清污的作用.      

一种考虑腐蚀影响的飞机结构疲劳试验方法

考虑腐蚀环境的影响,提出了一种关于飞机结构在一般环境下的疲劳试验方法.该方法综合考虑地面停放预腐蚀和空中腐蚀疲劳对结构疲劳寿命的影响,由腐蚀环境下结构设计疲劳寿命要求和年平均飞行小时数反推出一般环境下的疲劳寿命指标,从而确定结构疲劳试验目标寿命,为结构疲劳试验提供指导,具有重要的工程实用价值.     

Space qualification tests of the PAMELA instrument

PAMELA is a satellite-borne experiment which will measure the antiparticle component of cosmic rays over an extended energy range and with unprecedented accuracy. The apparatus consists of a permanent magnetic spectrometer equipped with a double-sided silicon microstrip tracking system and surrounded by a scintillator anticoincidence system. A silicon–tungsten imaging calorimeter, complemented by a scintillator shower tail catcher, and a transition radiation detector perform the particle identification task. Fast scintillators are used for Time-of-Flight measurements and to provide the primary trigger. A neutron detector is finally provided to extend the range of particle measurements to the TeV region.PAMELA will fly on-board of the Resurs-DK1 satellite, which will be put into a semi-polar orbit in 2005 by a Soyuz rocket. We give a brief review of the scientific issues of the mission and report about the status of the experiment few months before the launch.     

Antarctic meteor observations using the Davis MST and meteor radars

This paper presents the meteor observations obtained using two radars installed at Davis (68.6°S, 78.0°E), Antarctica. The Davis MST radar was installed primarily for observation of polar mesosphere summer echoes, with additional transmit and receive antennas installed to allow all-sky interferometric meteor radar observations. The Davis meteor radar performs dedicated all-sky interferometric meteor radar observations. The annual count rate variation for both radars peaks in mid-summer and minimizes in early Spring. The height distribution shows significant annual variation, with minimum (maximum) peak heights and maximum (minimum) height widths in early Spring (mid-summer). Although the meteor radar count rate and height distribution variations are consistent with a similar frequency meteor radar operating at Andenes (69.3°N), the peak heights show a much larger variation than at Andenes, while the count rate maximum-to-minimum ratios show a much smaller variation. Investigation of the effects of the temporal sampling parameters suggests that these differences are consistent with the different temporal sampling strategies used by the Davis and Andenes meteor radars. The new radiant mapping procedure of [Jones, J., Jones, W., Meteor radiant activity mapping using single-station radar observations, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 367(3), 1050–1056, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10025.x, 2006] is investigated. The technique is used to detect the Southern delta-Aquarid meteor shower, and a previously unknown weak shower. Meteoroid speeds obtained using the Fresnel transform are presented. The diurnal, annual, and height variation of meteoroid speeds are presented, with the results found to be consistent with those obtained using specular meteor radars. Meteoroid speed estimates for echoes identified as Southern delta-Aquarid and Sextantid meteor candidates show good agreement with the theoretical pre-atmospheric speeds of these showers (41 km s⁻¹ and 32 km s⁻¹, respectively). The meteoroid speeds estimated for these showers show decreasing speed with decreasing height, consistent with the effects of meteoroid deceleration. Finally, we illustrate how the new radiant mapping and meteoroid speed techniques can be combined for unambiguous meteor shower detection, and use these techniques to detect a previously unknown weak shower.     

Plants + soil/wetland microbes: Food crop systems that also clean air and water

The limitations that will govern bioregenerative life support applications in space, especially volume and weight, make multi-purpose systems advantageous. This paper outlines two systems which utilize plants and associated microbial communities of root or growth medium to both produce food crops and clean air and water. Underlying these approaches are the large numbers and metabolic diversity of microbes associated with roots and found in either soil or other suitable growth media. Biogeochemical cycles have microbial links and the ability of microbes to metabolize virtually all trace gases, whether of technogenic or biogenic origin, has long been established. Wetland plants and the rootzone microbes of wetland soils/media also been extensively researched for their ability to purify wastewaters of a great number of potential water pollutants, from nutrients like N and P, to heavy metals and a range of complex industrial pollutants. There is a growing body of research on the ability of higher plants to purify air and water. Associated benefits of these approaches is that by utilizing natural ecological processes, the cleansing of air and water can be done with little or no energy inputs. Soil and rootzone microorganisms respond to changing pollutant types by an increase of the types of organisms with the capacity to use these compounds. Thus living systems have an adaptive capacity as long as the starting populations are sufficiently diverse. Tightly sealed environments, from office buildings to spacecraft, can have hundreds or even thousands of potential air pollutants, depending on the materials and equipment enclosed. Human waste products carry a plethora of microbes which are readily used in the process of converting its organic load to forms that can be utilized by green plants. Having endogenous means of responding to changing air and water quality conditions represents safety factors as these systems operate without the need for human intervention. We review this research and the ability of systems using these mechanisms to also produce food or other useful crops. Concerns about possible pathogens in soils and wastewater are discussed along with some methods to prevent contact, disease transmission and to pre-screen and decrease risks. The psychological benefits of having systems utilizing green plants are becoming more widely recognized. Some recent applications extending the benefits of plants and microbes to solve new environmental problems are presented. For space applications, we discuss the use of in situ space resources and ways of making these systems compact and light-weight.