1987年9月23日在3.2cm波长上的日环食射电观测

本文介绍了1987年9月23日在3.2厘米波长上的日环食射电观测的资料处理、射电源的证认和结果分析,取得以下结果:(1)太阳射电半径为1.09±0.2;(2)日面亮度温度分布,在光学边缘13.4—15.9范围内有一明显的临边增亮,增亮的幅度为13.5±5％;(3)宁静太阳流量为264.8sfu;(4)射电源的角径、流量、平均亮温度和高度等.     

宇宙黑暗时代探路者——鸿蒙计划

低频射电探测任务构想——鸿蒙计划旨在利用多颗卫星绕月编队形成超长波天文观测阵列,在月球背面开展空间低频射电天文探测。其科学目标是高精度测量全天射电频谱,揭示宇宙黑暗时代与黎明的演化历史;实现首次高分辨率超长波巡天,打开最后一个电磁窗口;观测太阳和行星超长波活动,揭示空间环境相互作用规律。该任务将获得超长波频段全天空图像,获取超长波波段天文射电源的强度、频谱、分布等信息。这些科学数据对于探索宇宙黑暗时代和黎明时代、研究银河系星际介质、宇宙线起源与传播、河外射电星系、类星体和星系团的演化、太阳活动与行星磁场等,具有重要的科学价值。     

在月球背面进行低频射电天文观测的关键技术研究

月球具有足够大的尺寸,能够有效地遮挡来自地球的低频电磁波干扰,因此月球背面是进行低频射电天文观测的最佳场所。本文论述了利用低频射电频谱仪在月球背面进行空间低频射电天文观测的意义,给出了低频射电频谱仪工作原理、科学探测目标和系统组成。研究了低频射电频谱仪的设计,并采用低频射电频谱仪对北京中关村地区空中低频电磁波辐射频谱进行了试验探测,结果表明:低频射电频谱仪能够清晰地探测到0.1~40 MHz频带内的广播电台及授时台等发射的低频电磁波信号。     

Be／X射线双星LSI＋61°303的光谱研究

给出了１９９２－１９９５年Ｂｅ／Ｘ射线双星ＬＳＩ＋６１°３０３每年的光谱观测结果，分析了光谱发射线轮廓及其变化，观测显示Ｈβ发射线轮廓具有典型的气壳吸收，表明观测视线与Ｂｅ星赤道平面平行，同时发现Ｈα发射线参数发等值宽度和双峰强度之比也具有类似射电流量的周期性变化，但其变化与射电玫光学光度的变化不同，因此认为此变化可能与中子星周期的吸积盘及其轨道交食有关。     

基于FAST望远镜的地外文明共时观测

地外文明搜寻(Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence,SETI)是射电天文的重要子领域。为了获得尽可能多的观测时间,SETI采用共时观测(Commensal Survey),即不单独占用望远镜时间,在望远镜进行其他观测任务的同时进行SETI信号的搜寻。介绍了SETI共时观测的概念以及SETI后端的整体框架,分析了SETI共时观测的主要策略;对实时数据接收系统SERENDIP进行了分析说明;同时分析了数据去射电干扰和候选目标提取方法;通过对500 m口径球面射电望远镜(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope,FAST)的5 h漂移扫描数据处理,验证了SETI后端的有效性。最后对SETI的未来发展趋势进行了展望:FAST的高灵敏度不仅是对其它望远镜针对该项目观测数据的有效验证,更增加了探测到微弱地外文明信号的可能性。     

观天巨眼400年系列之二十五：与诺贝尔奖结缘的射电望远镜

为了现测研究遥远射电源的种种特性．射电天文望远镜追求高灵敏度、高分辨率、多波段和可跟踪观测等性能，越做越大．越做越精密，耗资越来越大。但一些重大的天文发现并不全来自那些大型射电望远镜。1965年发现的宇宙微波背景辐射、1967年脉冲星的发现者都荣获了诺贝尔物理学奖。     

基于空间矢量天线的太阳低频射电爆发探测研究

目前已有空间探测器对太阳的甚低频射电爆发进行的探测主要是频谱观测,针对太阳低频射电爆发的成像观测仍然是空白,利用空间矢量天线可以对太阳低频射电爆发(包括Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型暴)进行空间定位和一定的成像观测.研究针对空间(甚)低频射电探测器对太阳射电爆发的探测,提出了利用三极子矢量天线对太阳爆发进行定位的算法;基于部分空间甚低频设...     

一种用于深空导航定位的新型DOR信标

甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)是深空探测器导航定位的重要手段之一,深空探测器的VLBI观测通常采用差分单程测距(DOR)信标和双差单程测距(Delta-DOR)测量体制,精确地测量深空探测器相对于河外射电源的角距.相位杂散是影响Delta-DOR测量精度的主要误差源之一,针对这项误差研究了一种基于伪随机噪声调制方式的新型...     

2006年12月13日太阳射电暴对GPS观测的影响

日地空间环境不仅影响航天器运行和安全, 也是导航、定位和通信等无线 电应用系统主要的误差源. 其中来自太阳L波段的射电暴被认为是全球导航卫星 系统(GNSS)稳定和性能的潜在威胁因素, 当L波段射电爆发达到一定阈值时, 将给用户带来不同程度的射电噪声干扰, 严重时会引起接收机失锁和定位服务 中断. 本文对2006年12月13日太阳射电暴对GPS造成的影响进行了研究, 利用太阳射电 观测数据、L波段闪烁观测数据和向阳面不同区域的GPS观测网数据, 分析 GPS观测对射电暴的响应. 结果表明, 此次事件对GPS观测产生了明显的影响, 射 电暴期间GPS发生幅度闪烁事件和明显失锁现象, 多个台站上空的多颗GPS 卫星 信号完全中断长达6min左右, 且多个台站上空锁定的卫星数目小于4颗, 使 得GPS定位完全失效. 相对而言, 射电暴期间日下点附近的GPS台站受到的影响 比远离日下点的大.      

X射线选择类星体的一些性质

本文对109个X射线选择的类星体和114个射电及光学选择的类星体进行统计分析.发现在它们的红移、光学光度以及平均光学-X射线谱指数的直方分布图上, X射线选择类星体统计上都分布在这些参数图的低端.在所有样品的单色X射线光度l_X与单色光学光度l_O的关系图上, X射线选择类星体绝大部分处在光学暗的低光度区域.若以lglo=31.2erg/s·Hz为分界点, 可把光学光度划分为光学亮和暗两个区域, 则发现射电及光学选择类星体在图中光学亮区内的斜率b=0.64, 在光学暗区内的斜率b=0.95, 而X射线选择类星体的b仅为0.78, 因而暗示出它们可能是类星体现象中的一个次型.      

The evolution of the central component in SN 1986J

The unusual core-collapse supernova 1986J, in the nearby spiral NGC 891, is the first modern supernova in which evidence of a compact remnant of the supernova has been seen. This evidence comes from recent VLBI images, which show the emergence of a new radio component in the center of the expanding radio shell. The new component shows an inverted radio spectrum contrasting with that of the shell. The new component is likely radio emission associated with the black-hole or neutron star compact remnant of the explosion, which would mark the first direct observational link between a modern supernova and such a compact remnant. We report here on our recent VLBI images at 22 and 5 GHz, as well as on our monitoring of the integrated radio spectrum of SN 1986J. In the 22 GHz image, the central component is marginally resolved.     

Testing the ADAF paradigm for supermassive black holes in elliptical galaxies

The growing evidence for supermassive black holes in the centres of nearby galaxies has brought into sharper focus the question of why elliptical galaxies, rich in hot gas, do not possess quasar-like luminosities. Recent studies suggest that the presence of advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs) with their associated low radiative efficiency, might provide a promising explanation for the observed quiescence of these systems. Here, we present new high-frequency radio observations of the three giant, low-luminosity elliptical galaxies NGC 4649, NGC 4472 and NGC 4636 obtained using the Very Large Array (VLA) and the sub-millimetre common-user bolometer array (SCUBA) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). The new radio limits disagree severely with the canonical ADAF predictions which significantly overestimate the observed flux. If the accretion in these objects occurs in an advection-dominated mode then our radio limits imply that the emission from their central regions must be suppressed. We present the possibility that the magnetic field in the flow is extremely low or that synchrotron emission is free-free absorbed by cold material in the accretion flow. We also discuss whether slow non-radiating accretion flows may drive winds/outflows to remove energy, angular momentum and mass so that the central densities, pressures and emissivities are much smaller than in a standard ADAF (Di Matteo et al. 1998).     

Observations of extragalactic objects with telescope ART-P onboard Granat

During 1990–1991 more than two dozens of extragalactic objects were observed by X-ray instruments aboard the Granat satellite. Among them there were AGNs and Seyfert galaxies (NGC4151, NGC5548, MCG-30-15, IC4329 etc.), quasars (3C273, 3C390.3 etc.), radio galaxies (Cen A, M87 etc.) and clusters of galaxies (Virgo, Perseus, Coma etc.). We will discuss below the preliminary results obtained with the ART-P telescope during the observations of five sources: NGC4151, 3C273, Cen A and the galaxies M87 and NGC4388 on the Virgo cluster.     

On the origin of cosmic rays in the spiral galaxy NGC 3310

The problem of cosmic ray production in the spiral galaxy NGC 3310 is addressed by analysing and comparing optical and radio continuum data. Tentative results indicate that on global scales relativistic electrons may be produced in the shock front associated with teh density wave while on local scales extreme population I objects may be producing them. It is inferred that the same conclusions apply to all cosmic rays produced in the disk.     

基于长椭球面波函数去卷积方法的高动态范围太阳射电成像

利用综合孔径射电望远镜对太阳进行观测时，通过对图像中存在的明亮扩展源进行准确建模并移除，可以更好地观测视场内的微弱源并提高图像的动态范围。在射电天文领域，主要利用CLEAN算法对图像中的明亮源进行移除，以显示微弱的背景。然而，使用图像像素作为基函数的CLEAN算法的固有限制导致其对扩展源的建模效果较差。为了克服这种限制，将基于长椭球面波函数（Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions,PSWF）的去卷积方法应用于太阳射电成像。PSWF最优正交基由脏图中的感兴趣区域（Region of Interest,ROI）和UV覆盖共同决定。为了验证该方法的有效性，基于PSWF正交基对均匀圆环阵观测的太阳射电图像进行去卷积，并从动态范围和保真度两个方面定量化对比了CLEAN算法和基于PSWF正交基方法的性能。基于PSWF正交基去卷积方法剩余脏图中的微弱源更接近真实情况且动态范围更高。     

The history of SN 1986J and the emergence of a new compact radio component in its center

We review the history of the unusual Type II supernova 1986J in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 891. A series of VLBI observations have shown the expanding shell structure and allowed the expansion curve to be determined. The integrated radio spectrum and radio lightcurve have also been monitored. The spectrum was a power-law before 1998, after which an inversion appeared above 5 GHz. Our recent high-frequency VLBI observations showed that this inverted-spectrum emission was associated not with the shell emission, but rather with a compact component almost precisely in the center of the expanding shell. The new component is likely radio emission associated with the black-hole or neutron star compact remnant of the explosion, which would mark the first direct observational link between a modern supernova and such a compact remnant.     

COMPTEL observations of AGNs

During the first part of the COMPTON Gamma Ray Observatory sky survey, COMPTEL has detected the quasars 3C273 and 3C279 and the radio galaxy Centaurus A. This paper summarizes the preliminary findings and gives an upper limit on the MeV flux of the Seyfert galaxy NGC4151.     

Low and medium energy gamma-ray astronomy — present status and future aspects

During the last few years quite some progress has been achieved in the field of low and medium energy gamma-ray astronomy below about 30 MeV. Gamma rays from the galactic center and anti-center region have been detected, which require a high interstellar electron flux in the 100 MeV range, if they are predominantly diffuse in nature. Though the Crab pulsar and its nebula are still the only galactic gamma-ray sources which definitely have been detected, some recently determined upper limits to the gamma-ray fluxes of other radio pulsars are close to the theoretically expected values. Active galaxies seem to have a maximum of luminosity in the range between several 100 keV and a few MeV and, therefore, are of special interest. First observational results have been reported on the Seyfert galaxies NGC 4151 and MCG 8-11-11, and the radio galaxy CenA. The nature of the diffuse cosmic gamma-ray component at low gamma-ray energies is not yet solved. Unresolved active galaxies are good candidates for its origin.Considering the present status of gamma ray astronomy the study of galactic sources like radio pulsars and the unidentified high energy gamma-ray sources, the Milky Way as a whole, active galaxies and the diffuse cosmic sky seem to be the prime targets for broad band observations below 30 MeV in the GRO area. An unexplored field like that of low energy gamma-ray astronomy, however, is always open for surprises.     

The role of stars in the energetics of LINERs

Imaging studies have shown that ∼ 25% of LINER galaxies display a compact nuclear UV source. I compare the HST ultraviolet (1150–3200 Å) spectra that are now available for seven such “UV-bright” LINERs. The spectra of NGC 404, NGC 4569, and NGC 5055 show clear absorption-line signatures of massive stars, indicating a stellar origin for the UV continuum. Similar features are probably present in NGC 6500. The same stellar signatures may be present but undetectable in NGC 4594, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum, and in M81 and NGC 4579, due to superposed strong, broad emission lines. The compact central UV continuum source that is observed in these galaxies is a nuclear star cluster rather than a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN), at least in some cases. At least four of the LINERs suffer from an ionizing photon deficit, in the sense that the ionizing photon flux inferred from the observed far-UV continuum is insufficient to drive the optical H I recombination lines. Examination of the nuclear X-ray flux of each galaxy shows a high X-ray UV ratio in the four “UV-photon starved” LINERs. In these four objects, a separate component, emitting predominantly in the extreme-UV, is the likely ionizing agent, and is perhaps unrelated to the observed nuclear UV emission. Future observations can determine whether the UV continuum in LINERs is always dominated by a starburst or, alternatively, that there are two types of UV-bright LINERs: starburst-dominated and AGN-dominated. Interestingly, recent results show that starbursts dominate the nuclear energetics in many Seyfert 2s as well.     

ROSAT PSPC observations of two starburst galaxies

We present results from ROSAT observations of NGC 1808 and NGC 2903. Exposures of 10 ksec each with the PSPC detector show X-ray sources at the central positions of both galaxies which are classified as nuclear starburst galaxies. Both targets, NGC 1808 and NGC 2903 appear slightly extended in X-ray maps in the energy band 0.1–2.4 keV. The X-ray spectrum of NGC 1808 shows almost complete absorption below 0.5 keV, indicating an extremely high hydrogen column density towards that source (N_H ≈ 8 × 10²¹cm⁻² resulting from model fits on the PSPC spectrum). In case of NGC 2903, the number of counts in the ROSAT band is significantly lower than expected from a previous EINSTEIN investigation of the source.