| 基于无人机的复杂地貌上空风场实测研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴红华,张亮,冯豪,胡昊辉,李正农.基于无人机的复杂地貌上空风场实测研究[J].实验流体力学,2021,35(2):92-103. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴红华 张亮 冯豪 胡昊辉 李正农 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南大学 建筑安全与节能教育部重点实验室, 长沙 410082 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金51678233国家自然科学基金51478179 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文研究了利用多旋翼无人机搭载风速风向测量设备对不同地貌上空平面风场实测分析的方法。以北京市延庆区某试验基地内的测风塔为参考，首先对无人机测风准确性进行研究，其次取相同时间段内测风塔与不同测点位置无人机的实测风速风向数据进行正交分解处理，分析得到无人机和测风塔风速、湍流度的相互比值关系，通过测风塔数据和比值关系，可以推知空中不同测点的风速和风向数据，进而获得复杂地貌影响下的上空风场状况。实测结果表明:修正后无人机平均风速、平均风向与测风塔相比误差较小，无人机测量得到湍流度较测风塔更大，通过滑动平均法可以一定程度上减小无人机测得的湍流度；空中平面风场状况受地貌影响较大，复杂地貌上空风场波动更大。通过现场实测，初步验证了应用多旋翼无人机搭载风速仪在不同地貌上空实现空中平面风场测量的可行性，可为局部区域风场测量、风电场微观选址等提供新思路和新方法。
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| 关 键 词： | 多旋翼无人机 风速风向 风场 现场实测 复杂地貌 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-04-12 |
Wind field measurement over complex landforms based on Multi-rotor Unmanned Aircraft |
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| Affiliation: | Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to explore the method of measuring planar wind field over different landforms based on Multi-rotor Unmanned Aircraft (MUA) equipped with a wind speed and direction measurement device. In this study, a wind tower of a test base in Yanqing, Beijing is used as a reference. Firstly, the accuracy of MUA wind measurement is studied. Then, the wind speed and direction measured by MUA at different measuring points and the wind tower in the same period are taken for orthogonal decomposition to obtain the ratio of wind speed and turbulence between MUA and the wind tower. Through the data of the wind tower and the ratio, the wind speed and direction of different positions are deduced, and the wind field over the complex landform is obtained. The results show that the error of MUA average wind speed and average wind direction after correction is smaller. The turbulence measured by MUA is larger than that measured by the wind tower, and the turbulence measured by MUA can be reduced partly by the moving average method. The wind field conditions are greatly affected by the landforms, and the wind field over complex landforms fluctuate more frequently. The study verifies the feasibility of using MUA equipped with an anemometer to measure the planar wind field over different landforms, which can provide reference ideas and methods for wind field measurement in a local area and micrositing of wind farms. |
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