| 金星火山与气候探测任务 |
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| 引用本文： | 董晓龙,刘洋,何杰颖,张锋,许健,赵宇鴳,王宇,朱皓天,王咏梅,王文煜,蔡志鸣.金星火山与气候探测任务[J].空间科学学报,2022,42(6):1047-1059. |
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| 作者姓名： | 董晓龙 刘洋 何杰颖 张锋 许健 赵宇鴳 王宇 朱皓天 王咏梅 王文煜 蔡志鸣 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院国家空间科学中心 北京 100190 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院空间科学先导专项项目（XDA15072107)和中国科学院国家空间科学中心“攀登计划”项目共同资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 金星火山和气候探测任务（Venus Volcano Imaging and Climate Explorer，VOICE）聚焦金星火山与热演化历史、水与板块运动、内部结构和动力学、气候演化和生命信息探索等重大科学问题，提出采用极化合成孔径雷达（Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar，PolSAR） 、下视与临边结合的微波辐射探测仪（Microwave Radiometric Sounder，MWRS）和紫外–可见–近红外多光谱成像仪（Ultraviolet-Visible-Near Infrared Multispectral Imager，UVN-MSI）等三个先进的有效载荷，在350 km圆轨道上对金星全球表面和大气联合探测。 PolSAR将对金星全球表面进行高分辨多极化雷达成像；MWRS将对金星全球云下大气的热力结构和化学组成，云中可能的宜居环境及与生命相关大气成分进行探测；UVN-MSI则实现大气全貌成像、表面光谱成像和闪电检测。通过多种先进探测载荷和技术手段的结合，VOICE任务将揭示金星构造热演化历史和超温室效应机理，探索其宜居性和生命信息。VOICE任务的实施将实现国际金星研究探索中许多“零”的突破，为理解行星宜居性和太阳系演化提供极为关键的观测支持，对提升中国在国际深空探测与空间科学研究中的地位产生重大影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 金星 火山作用 构造活动 大气成分和热力结构 宜居性和生命信息 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-11-21 |
Venus Volcano Imaging and Climate Explorer Mission |
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| Abstract: | Venus Volcano Imaging and Climate Explorer (VOICE) is an orbiting mission to investigate the Venusian volcanic and thermal evolution history, water and plate tectonics, internal structure and dynamics, climate evolution, possible habitable environment and life information in the clouds. Three state-of-the-art scientific payloads, the Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR), the Microwave Radiometric Sounder (MWRS) and the Ultraviolet-Visible-Near Infrared Multi-Spectral Imager (UVN-MSI), will be flown on a polar-circular orbit of about 350 km. The PolSAR with meter resolution surface imaging capability enables refined exploration of Venusian tectonic and volcanic activity and evolution history. The MWRS, with a combination of a nadir-looking module and a limb-looking module, has the capability to refine the thermal structure and composition of the Venusian atmosphere, including near surface, below-inside and above the clouds, and will reveal the exchange and interaction between the surface and lower atmosphere. The MWRS will also investigate biosignatures, such as PH3 and NH3, in the cloud to further the fundamental scientific questions on the habitable environment and life information in Venus' atmosphere. The UVN-MSI can map the global atmosphere and look through the atmosphere with NIR windows. With combined observations by MWRS and UVN-MSI, our understanding of the atmospheric composition and climate evolution of Venus can be greatly improved. The scientific objective of the VOICE mission is to advance the understanding of the geological and thermal history and evolution of Venus, the mechanisms of the global circulation of Venusian atmosphere, past and current habitable environments, and the possible existence of life in the clouds of Venus. Through the combination of the state of art of payloads and technologies, the mission goals are to search for evidence of water and plate tectonic activities, reveal the type of volcanic activity and thermal evolution history of Venus; establish the composition and thermal structure of middle and lower atmosphere of Venus, and break through the understanding of Venusian atmospheric and climatic evolution; reveal the mechanism of runaway greenhouse effect, and explore whether Venus has a habitable environment and whether life (once) existed. |
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