Channel layout and shape optimization of active cooling thin-walled structures
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摘要: 针对基于传统分析方法的超然冲压发动机燃烧室主动冷却设计存在通用性差、周期长问题，采取子结构法建立主动冷却通道体胞的流固热多场耦合有限元模型，在与实验对比验证有限元模型有效性基础上，分析了结构质量和质量流率不变时通道数目对换热性能的影响；采用超椭圆方程描述通道截面形状，结合Kriging响应面和多目标遗传算法，开展了最小化平均壁温、压力损失和最大应力的通道形状优化。结果表明：存在一个合适的通道数目来协调各性能指标；通道位置不影响压力损失，但通道越靠近气壁面，换热性能更好；接近矩形的通道形状综合性能表现更好。与初始方案相比，从Pareto解集中选取的一优化方案，其平均壁温、最高温度分别下降4.9%和7.2%，而压力损失降低33.6 kPa，降幅达33.4%，综合性能改进明显。Abstract: The design research of an actively fuel-cooled scramjet combustor based on traditional analysis methods has poor versatility and a long period.The substructure method was adopted to establish the fluid solid heat multi field coupling finite element model of the active cooling channel cell，and the effectiveness of the finite element model was verified by comparing with the experimental results.The influence of the number of channels on the heat transfer performance was analyzed when the structure weight and mass flow rate were constant.The super-elliptic function was used to describe the cross-section shape of the channel，and the Kriging response surface and multi-objective genetic algorithm were combined to optimize the channel shape to minimize the average wall temperature，pressure loss and maximum stress.The results showed that：there was an appropriate number of channels to coordinate the performance indicators；the position of the channel did not affect the pressure loss，but the closer channel to the gas wall indicated the better heat transfer performance； the comprehensive performance of the channel shape close to the rectangle was better.Compared with the initial scheme，the average wall temperature and the maximum temperature were reduced by 4.9% and 7.2%，respectively，while the pressure loss was reduced by 33.6 kPa （33.4%）.Therefore，the comprehensive performance of the active cooling thin-walled structure had been improved significantly.
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Key words:
- active cooling channel /
- shape optimization /
- layout optimization /
- scramjet /
- super-elliptic function
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